In this table it will be noted that I have separated the vol- 

 umes of 5, 6 and 7 inch trees from those 8 inches and upwards 

 in diameter. The smaller trees were not considered merchant- 

 able, except in spruce, where they may be added in for pulp 

 wood. In addition an estimate was made of 8,000 feet of red 

 pine (Norway) and 100 feet of jack pine, which do not appear 

 in this table. 



The volumes obtained on section 13 and elsewhere were 

 thrown together and the average-sized trees of merchantable 

 timber 8 inches and up were determined for this locality as fol- 

 lows: 



White pine, average diameter 19.3 inches, volume 252 feet, 

 B. M. 



Spruce, average diameter 11.3 inches, volume 80 feet, B. M. 



Balsam fir, average diameter 10.5 inches, volume 51 feet, 

 B. M. 



Tamarack, average diameter 10.5 inches, volume 65 feet, B. M. 



These figures may be used roughly to determine a stand of 

 timber. Thus, count all the trees of merchantable size, keeping 

 each species separate and multiply by these average volumes. 

 This will give lower results than the more accurate method de- 

 scribed, but will be a safe standard for rough work. If the cut 

 takes trees down to 12 or 10 inches only, then the volume of the 

 average tree would be greater. 



In applying a volume table it is well to remember that it is 

 only an approximation, and results accurate to the thousand, 

 especially in these virgin woods that have grown up without 

 care, are disputable, so all figures less than a thousand may be 

 raised or lowered to the nearest thousand. Lumbermen are 

 inclined to throw discredit on estimates giving unit thousands, 

 but, nevertheless, even in an approximation where the unit thou- 

 sands are expressed, we are the more certain to which ten thou- 

 sand it approaches the nearest. 



T. L. DUNCAN, 

 Northome, Itasca County, Minn. 



October 14, 1903. 



