FORESTRY COMMISSION. 27 



In another swamp 500 trees of Cedar, 120 of Spruci', 22 of Tamarack 

 were counted per acre, besides about 240 trees of Cedar under two inches 

 in diameter and a mixture of hardwoods as follows : 24 trees of Ash, 50 

 of Maple, 10 of Birch and eight of White Pine. In this case the Balsam 

 vas practically wanting, and the Tamarack occurred only as large trees 

 eight to 17 inches diameter, and there was practically no young growth 

 besides Cedar. Freqiiently tracts are met where the Tamarack predomi- 

 nates. In such a tract the following was observed : Of trees two inches 

 and over in diameter, there were counted in round numbers 460 Tamarack, 

 190 Cedar, 40 Spruce, 18 White Pine, four Balsam, with practically no 

 broad-leaved (hardwoods) trees, but over 150 young Tamarack filling in 

 every opening or gap. 



In another similar swamp there were counted per acre: 610 Tamarack, 

 170 Cedar, 40 Spruce, 20 Balsam, 12 White Pine, and nearly all young 

 growth was of Cedar and Spruce. 



Considering the different species as they appear on the Reserve, the 

 following may be said: 



The most important tree of the district has been the Norway Pine, 

 and it is reasonable to suppose that it will prove in the future to be 

 among the most valuable species for these sandy pinery lands. 



I'aking the Norway Pine as standard, we may readily distinguish three 

 "sites" or qualities of laud, and perhaps designate them good, fair and 

 inferior. These three sites cover practically all of the uplands of the 

 Eeserve. On site No. 1 or good Norway lands the Norway was mixed with 

 WJiite Pine, reached a diameter of two to three feet and a height of over 

 100 feet; on site No. 3 or inferior Norway land, largely made up of the 

 Jack Pine plains, the Norway Pine is short bodied, commonly not over 

 70 feet tall, with a diameter of 12 to 18 inches. But even here it clears 

 itself of branches and produces the characteristic clean, sound stem. 



The Norway is a fair seeder, seeds abundantly at intervals of probably 

 about five years ; it is a strong, thrifty plant, makes leaders of 10 to IS 

 inches when four to 20 feet in height. On good sites, it grows rapidly 

 in height and diameter until 16 to 20 inches diameter, after which time 

 it lets up in a way characteristic of this tree throughout its range. It 

 growt; in dense thickets, but in this case often fails to produce good timber 

 in so far as all trees remain "spindly" pole-like specimens to considerable 

 age. As an illustration may be cited that on lands which might be 

 classed as "site" No. 2 for this tree, the growth in a close stand, as in- 

 dicated by the stumps, was about as follows: 



Which shows that even in a close stand the tree is capable of making 

 fair timber in considerable quantities per acre in less than 100 years. 

 While a few old flre-injured runty trees still remain here and there, the 

 natural seeding is entirely inadequate and there is little prospect of this 

 species re-establishing itself naturally in a reasonable period of time. 

 Here and there small patches of scattered plants one to five feet high may 



