APPENDIX. 165 



on an actnal tally of the trees, divided by kinds and recorded in diameter 

 classes, usnally differing by two inches. 



These tally sheets should be preserved and serve as basis of the rei)ort. 

 Wherever the case justifies a more careful method, it will be found that 

 ."l regular caliper measurement is but little more costly and far more 

 satisfactoi'v than the ocular estimate. 



Where this method is employed two calipermen and one tally man 

 woik through the timber in a four-rod strip, covering either the entire 

 area or a definite per cent thereof. 



tScdliiig and Htaiiiphig. — Larger pieces should all be scaled separately. 

 Hasty methods of averaging diameters or length or both cannot be al- 

 lowed. Ties and tie pieces are simply counted. Posts and poles are 

 counted, but must first be classified by length and upper diameter. 

 Shingle timber, pulp wood and fuel are measured by the cord, but the 

 length of the material is specified. Square timber is reckoned as full, 

 like sawn timber. 



In making allowance for decay, crook and other defect, the local custom 

 may be followed. NVhere controversy arises in important cases, the 

 judgment of the Forester of the district prevails. "Flat" logs, i. e., with 

 elliptical cross-section, are scaled on the average diameter; material, 

 hewn on two sides, is scaled on the diameter parallel to the hewn faces. 

 In "long lengths" a scale will be required such that no log over IS feet 

 receives but one measurement. For instance : A 20-foot log 14 inches 

 at upper diameter should be treated as one lO-foot log 14 inches, and one 

 10-foot log 1.5 inches diameter, a taper of one inch per 10-foot length 

 being generally assumed. 



When scaled, each stick of saw logs, timbers, ties, jiosts, poles, or 

 piles must be stamped with the State mark on at least one end, and on 

 both when possible. Cord material, such as wood or bolts, must be 

 stamped at both top and bottom of piles and at least 12 pieces in each 

 cord must be stamped. 



PLANTING OF TREES. 



The planting of trees or the restocking of denuded areas is one of 

 the duties imposed by law on the Forestry Commission. 



For this reason everj' Forest OfScer should acquaint himself with 

 the methods employed for this purpose, he should learn to sow, and 

 tend nursery, to plant and care for plantations as they are made on 

 these "slash" lands. 



In addition he should learn the value of seed trees and of sprouts, 

 of "improvement-cutting" and "thinning" and should use every minute 

 of his time when not otherwise engaged in furthering the growth of 

 the forest. Every day he meets, on. his rounds, patches of ground where 

 a fine reproduction deserves special care and attention, where hundreds 

 of young trees still in their "bush" stage are laboring vinder cripples 

 or inferior kinds with little hope of getting on and where a few days' 

 work would save more well established valuable young trees than could 

 be set out at ten times the expense involved in giving these established 

 trees the necessary help. A little good sense and an industrious spirit 

 will suggest a multitude of things to do and an enthusiastic Forest 

 Officer will find that the foipst, like the farm is never without want 

 of help and is ever ready to repay well every effort made in its behalf. 



