General 
descrip- 
tion. 
Varieties. 
Difference 
between 
the Rook 
and Car- 
rion Crow. 
72 OMNIVORI. CORVUS. Rook. 
tached from the rocks by the violence of the waves. They 
frequent the extensive downs in the southern counties, where 
they feed in company with others of the genus, upon grain, 
worms, and carrion. ‘Their note is harsh, and rather shriller 
than that of the carrion-crow. According to TEmMinck, 
they are found throughout the mountainous districts of the 
east of Europe, and are common in the Alps, where they 
breed. 
PrLaTE 29. Figure of the natural size. 
Bill strong, and in shape very similar to that of the raven, 
and not to that of the rook, as PENNANT asserts, colour 
black. Head, throat, wings, and tail black, with blue 
and greenish reflections. Neck, and the rest of the body 
smoke-grey, the shafts of the feathers bemg dark. Tail 
rounded at the end. Irides brown. Legs and _ toes 
plated, black. 
Sometimes this bird varies in colour, and is found entirely 
white, or black. 
¥ Rook.—Corvus frugilegus, (Linz.) 
+ PLATE 80. 
Corvus frugilegus, Linn. Syst. 1. 156. 4.-Gmel. Syst. 1. p. 366. sp. 4.— 
Lath. Ind. Ornith. v. 1. p. 152. sp. 5. 
Cornix nigra frugilega, Rati, Syn. p. 83. A. 3.—Will. p. 84. t. 18. 
Cornix frugilega, Briss. 2. p. 16. 3. 
Le Freu ou Frayonne, Buff: Ois. v. 3. p. 55.—Id. Pl. Enl. 484. 
Fresc. Temm. Man. d’Ornith, v. 1. p. 110. 
Saat-Rabe, Bechst. Naturg. Deut. v. 2. p. 1199.—Meyer, Tasschenb. Deut. 
v. 1. p. 97.—Frisch. Vog. t. 64. 
Rook, Br. Zool. v. 2. 221. 76.—Arct. Zool. 2. p. 250. A.— Will. (Ang.) 
p- 123.—Lewin’s Br. Birds, 1. t. 35.—Lath. Syn. 1. p. 372. 4.—Id. Supp. 
p- 76.—Mont. Ornith. Dict.—Bewick’s Br. Birds, 1. p. 71.—Pult. Cat. 
Dorset. p. 4.-Shaw’s Zool. v. 7. p. 347. F 
The Rook is in general rather larger than the carrion-crow, 
from which it greatly differs in habits. Its bill is also longer, 
the rock, in order to obtain the included fish. Dr FLEmine, in his “ Phi- 
“ losophy of Zoology,” considers instinct, in this degree, as bordering 
closely upon intelligence, as implying a notion of power, and also of cause. 
and effect. 
+ The plate that should have been numbered thus, has, by mistake, 
been numbered 32. 
