Ei aaie PASSERES. TURDUS. 6 
endeavours to divert the attention of the intruder by loud 
cries and feigned gestures. As autumn approaches, it quits 
its mountainous haunts, journeying southwards; and, about 
the latter part of October, leaves this kingdom for warmer 
climates, where it passes the winter. 
It is common in Sweden, France, and Germany ; but, ac- 
cording to TEMMINCK, 1s very rare in Holland. 
“PiateE 44, Fig. 2. Natural size. 
Bill blackish-brown, having the base of the mandible yellow- General 
ish. Upper parts of the body black, the feathers being ae 
margined with blackish grey. On the upper part of the 
breast is a large crescent-shaped gorget of pure white ; 
the rest of the under parts black, margined with grey. 
Greater wing-coverts deeply marginated with ash-grey. 
Tail black. Inrides dark brown. Legs blackish-brown. 
The plumage of the female bird is more clouded with prey, 
and the pectoral gorget is smaller, and clouded with 
reddish-brown and grey. In the young females this 
gorget is not visible; and in the young males it is of a 
reddish-white. 
Varieties are sometimes found similar to those of the black- Varicties. 
bird. 
Genus XXV. DIPPER. CINCLUS, Bechst. 
GENERIC CHARACTERS. 
Bill rather slender, slightly bent upwards, compressed at 
the sides, and the tomia bending inwards; upper mandible 
emarginated at the tip, and bending over the lower one. 
Nostrils basal, lateral, and naked; longitudinally cleft, and 
partly covered by a membrane. Head small, the forehead 
narrow and low. Body short and compact. Feet with three 
toes before and one behind ; the outer toe joined at its base 
to the middle one. Tarsus longer than the middle _ toe. 
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