204 PASSERES. SAXICOLA.  Srowrx-Cuar. 
themselves ; upon which they separate, and are only to be 
seen single or in pairs. Monracu has conjectured that a 
Partially partial migration takes place in autumn, as fewer of these 
migratory: birds are observed in winter than during the summer months. 
I have not lost sight of this suggestion, and am inclined to 
think that the greater part of the young of the year do mi- 
grate in the course of the winter, having repeatedly noticed (in 
places where the species is abundant) the disappearance of 
the young as winter approached, whilst the parent birds re- 
mained attached to their favourite spot. In very severe storms 
of snow, even those that winter here are sometimes compelled 
to quit their usual situations, and take refuge in more inclosed 
grounds, or in plantations. 
Pirate 48. Fig. 3. A male in summer plumage, natural size. 
General Head and throat black. Sides of the neck, upper parts of 
gee: the wings, and rump white. Breast orange-brown. 
‘Aum: gs, and rump g 
Male bird. The remainder of the under parts white, tinged with 
yellow. Back black, the feathers being edged with yel- 
lowish-brown. Wings brownish-black ; the feathers 
edged paler. Bill and legs black. 
In winter the black feathers of the head and throat are 
edged with yellowish-brown, which disappears as the 
spring advances. 
Fig. 4... A female bird, of the natural size. 
Female. Head and upper parts umber-brown; the feathers being 
margined paler. ‘Tail and wings brown, edged with 
yellowish-brown. Throat blackish-brown, mixed with 
white and yellowish brown specks. Less white upon 
the wings and sides of the neck than in the male bird. 
Breast yellowish brown. . 
