288 COLUMBA. COLUMBA.  Rina-Dove. 
minck * and Cuvier “ Colombes, ou Pigeons Ordinaires.” 
The moult of the four European species is simple, and the 
_ plumage of both sexes nearly similar. It is from this section, 
and from a particular species (Columba Livia) that our com- 
mon dove-cot pigeon has sprung; as well as the other nume- 
rous varieties so highly cultivated and prized by pigeon-fan- 
ciers. 
Ring-Dove or Cushat.—Columba Palumbus, Linn. 
PLATE 56. Fig. 1. 
Columba Palumbus, Linn. 1. p. 282. sp. 19.—Fauna Suec. No. 208.—Gmel. 
Syst. 1. p. 796. sp. 19.—Lath. Ind. Ornith. v. 2. p. 601. sp. 32.—Briss. 1. 
p- 89. 6. 
Palumbus torquatus, Raii, Syn. p. 62. A. 9.—Will. p. 135. t. 35. 
Le Pigeon Ramier, Buff: Ois. v. 2. p. 531. t. 24.—Jd. Pl. Enl. 316.—Temm. 
Pig. et Gall. v. 1. p. 78.—ZId. fol. pl. 2. 
Colombe Ramier, Temm. Man. d’Ornith. v. 2. p. 444.’ 
Ringel Taube, Bechst. Naturg. Deut. v. 3. p. 949.—Meyer, Tasschenb. 
Deut. v. 1. p. 286.—Frisch, Vog. t. 138. 
Ring Duif, Sepp. Nederl. Vég. v. 1. t. p. 9. 
Ring Pigeon, Br. Zool. 1. No. 102.—Arct. Zool. 2. p. 329. B.— Will. (Angl.) 
p- 185. t. 35.—Lath. Syn. 4. p. 635. 29.—Id. Supp. p. 198.—Lewin’s Br. 
Birds, 4. t. 129.—Albin. 11. t. 46.—Puit. Cat. Dorset. p. 7.—Wale. Syn. 
2. t. 187. 
Ring Dove, Mont. Ornith. Dict.—Bewick’s Br. Birds, 1. t. p. 270. 
Provincial, Quest, Wood Pigeon, Cushat. 
The ring-dove is the largest of the European species. It 
is indigenous with us, and is met with in all wooded and en- 
closed parts of the kingdom, and is not anywhere migratory, 
as has been supposed and asserted by some of our naturalists. 
It is amongst the earliest breeders of our native birds, usual- 
ly pairing, and uttering its cooing notes, towards the latter 
part of February, at which time it also commences a peculiar 
flight, by rising and falling in the air, and, when at its great- 
est elevation, bringing the upper surfaces of its wings so for- 
* See Mons. TEmmMincx’s splendid work, entitled, ‘““ Histoire Natu- 
turelle générale des Pigéons et Gallinacées.” 
