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of the Swedish lowlands. In the interior of Sweden it is common throughout Lapland proper 



O 



within the birch-region, and in elevated places in the conifer-region, as at Lycksela, Asele, 

 Angermanland, &c, and in Dalecarlia and Wermland." In Finland, according to Dr. Palmen 

 (Finlands Foglar, ii. p. 40), " it is found throughout the country in larger or smaller numbers, 

 but is altogether wanting on Aland. In the south-western coast districts it is rare, and also 

 uncommon in the interior. Mr. J. von Wright only once observed it at Uskela. Only a few 

 are to be met with on the islands off the Nyland coast ; but on the mainland it breeds in the 

 vicinity of Helsingfors and Borga, but is comparatively rare. In Temmela it is common, as also 

 in the interior of the country, even on the islands in the lakes. Along the west coast it appears 

 to be found in but small numbers up to Bjorneborg; and Alcenius states that it occurs in the 

 vicinity of Gamla-Carleby, and Wasa. In the northern portion of the country it is common in 

 all suitable localities." To this I may add that I met with it on one or two occasions near 

 Wyburg in Southern Finland, and saw it frequently on various portions of the coast when 

 travelling northward in the spring. In Russia it is extremely common in the northern govern- 

 ments. I saw it near Nijnie Novgorod in the winter, and also near St. Petersburg and Moscow. 

 Mr. Sabanaeff informs me that it breeds in the Jaroslaf Government, and is numerous in the 

 Governments of Tver and Wladimir, and has been met with in the breeding-season near Odoeff 

 in the Government of Tula. He further states that, according to Hoffmann, it is very common 

 in the northern parts of the Government of Perm, and ranges as far north as 70° N. lat. It is 

 also common on the black-earth plains in the Shadrinsk and Ekaterinburg districts in the 

 Central Ural, but is rare on the south-western slopes. According to Eversmann it does not 

 breed in the Kazan Government ; and Aksakoff says that it does not occur in the Government 

 of Ufim during the summer season. Pallas is wrong, Mr. Sabanaeff says, in stating that it is 

 only found during winter in the Government of Chelibiansk. In the Baltic provinces it appears 

 to be tolerably common ; and Meyer (Vog. Liv. p. 158) states that it is very numerous in Livonia, 

 in Esthonia, and Courland, is found in Prussia in the neighbourhood of Tilsit, and even occa- 

 sionally straggles into Pomerania. Curiously enough, in "Western Scandinavia it scarcely ever 

 appears to range down to the shores of the Baltic. 



To the eastward the Willow-Grouse is found throughout Siberia to Kamtschatka. Dr. von 

 Schrenck says it was the only species of Ptarmigan he met with in the Amoor country, and that 

 it was numerous, especially during the winter season. In the winter he saw large flocks in the 

 northern parts of Saghalien and on the Lower Amoor river as far as Kidsi. Above that place it 

 becomes rarer, but is said to occur at Gorin and Chongar, and is known by name, at least to the 

 natives of Dawunda, above the Geong Mountains. Dr. G. Radde did not meet with it either on 

 the Central Amoor or in the districts skirting Lake Baikal; but in the Eastern Sajan he found it 

 at an altitude of from 5000 to 6000 feet above the sea-level, where it breeds in the valleys over- 

 grown with small birch trees. Von Middendorff writes that it ranges in the Taimyr country up 

 to 72-|° N. lat., or to the Nowaja river, where he met with a single specimen. At Chatangskij 

 Pogost, in 72° N. lat., it was commoner than L. mutus. In these northern latitudes all the 

 Ptarmigans are wanting during the winter, as they migrate southwards, returning northwards 

 again in April or May. In South-eastern Siberia Von Middendorff first met with it on the 

 Lena, in 58° N. lat. ; but on the more lofty portions of the Stanowoj Mountains he lost sight of 



