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the fells as high as arable land is found. North of the polar circle, Mr. Collett states (Nyt Mag. 

 for Naturvid. b. xxiii. p. 175), it is of irregular occurrence. In 1873 it was found breeding on the 

 island of Rollen, a few miles north of Tromso, but has not been seen there of later years, though 

 one was shot on Tromso, in 69° 40', on the 15th October 1875. As an instance of a late brood 

 he mentions that a nest, containing twelve fresh eggs, was taken on Jsederen early in September. 

 It arrives in Southern Norway early in May, leaving again in the late autumn, the young birds 

 remaining sometimes till the end of September ; and Mr. G. Brandt observed this bird in the 

 Surendale in the middle of October 1871. Throughout Sweden, Professor Nilsson says, the 

 Corn-Crake is found from Southern Skane up into the arctic circle ; but it is somewhat local in 

 its distribution, for in some places it is never heard. In Finland, according to Dr. Palmen, it is 

 common in the southern districts, ai'riving about the 21st of May, and leaving late in August or 

 early in September, and is met with northwards in Kankaanpaa, Nyslott, and Ladoga-Karelen, 

 but becomes rare in Southern Osterbotten, in the district between Wasa and Gamla Karleby, 

 and has been met with sparingly near Uleaborg. In 1870 it was met with all the summer in 

 a district in Pudasjarvi; and Sahlberg observed it in September of the same year between 

 Paanajarvi, in Kuusamo, and at Soukelo, in South-west Russian Lapland, close to the arctic 

 circle. In 1868, according to Mr. Knobloch, a nest, with eight eggs, was found in Muonioniska, 

 in 68° N. lat. In Russia it is generally distributed in the central districts, and is found in the 

 Archangel Government at Lake Onega, near Wuitegra; but I do not find it recorded from 

 Archangel itself. Mr. SabanaefF informs me that it is found in the Olonetz and Perm Govern- 

 ments up to about 60° N. lat. In the Ural this gentleman found it less common than elsewhere. 

 In Poland it is, Mr. Taczanowski writes, very common, arriving early in May and leaving about 

 the middle of October. Throughout the whole of Germany it is very generally distributed in 

 the summer season ; and Mr. Collin writes that it breeds in many of the cultivated portions of 

 Denmark, but is most common during the seasons of passage, in May and October. It arrives 

 in Holland about the middle of May, remains to breed, and leaves again in September and 

 October. In Heligoland it occurs, Mr. Cordeaux says (Ibis, 1875, p. 186), in April and May, 

 and again in the middle of August and September during warm weather pretty commonly, 

 though never in great numbers. Mr. J. van Wickevoort Crommelin states, in his notes on the 

 Rails of the Netherlands, that it is more common during the breeding-season than the Water- 

 Rail, and is seen during passage, in September and October, in the maritime dunes. In France 

 it occurs on passage and breeds, and is said to be to some extent resident in the south of France. 

 It is said to be a regular visitant to Spain ; but Mr. Howard Saunders states that it does not 

 breed there; and Colonel Irby writes (Orn. Str. Gibr. p. 142) as follows: — "The Land-Rail does 

 not seem to remain in Andalucia during the breeding-season, as I never heard its well-known 

 cry ; but I have seen it as late as the 2nd of May. It is not obtained in any abundance, but, 

 like other Crakes, is, no doubt, more common than it appears to be. It occurs most frequently 

 in October and February, and, as Favier states concerning it in Morocco, is found during the 

 winter." Vidal, however, records it as being common in Almeria in the summer season. It 

 breeds in Piedmont, Lombardy, and Venetia ; but elsewhere in Italy, Salvadori says, it is only 

 met with on passage. Benoit states that it is more numerous in Sicily in the spring than in the 

 autumn. Cara says that it is resident in Sardinia ; but Salvadori asserts that he has never 



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