337 



GEUS COMMUNIS. 



(COMMON CRANE.) 



Ardea grus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 234 (1766). 



Common Crane, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 674 (1790). 



Grus communis, Bechst. Vog. Deutsch. iii. p. 60 (1793). 



Grus cinerea, Bechst. Nat. Deutschl. neue Ausg. B. iv. Abth.'l, p. 103 (fide Meyer, 1801-9). 



Grus cinerea (Bechst.), Meyer, Tasch. deutsch. Vogelk. ii. p. 350 (1810). 



Grus vulgaris, Pall. Zoogr. Bosso-As. ii. p. 106 (1811-31). 



Grus cinerea longirostris, Temm. & Schl. Faun. Jap. p. 117 (1850). 



Grus cineracea, Brehm, Naumannia, p. 289 (1855). 



Chorra-mJwnaidh, Gaelic ( Gray) ; La Grue, French ; Grou, Portuguese ; Grulla, Spanish ; 

 Grua, Maltese ; Bhernong, Arab ; der Kranicli, German ; Kraan, Dutch ; Almindelig Trane, 

 Danish ; Trane, Norwegian ; Trana, Swedish ; Jouravl sieryi, Bussian ; Loraw, Polish. 



Figures notabiles. 



. Werner, Atlas, Cursores, pi. 17; Buff. PI. Enl. pi. 769; Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 270; 

 Naumann, Vog. Deutschl. pi. 231 ; Temm. & Schl. Faun. Jap. pi. lxii. ; Polydore Eoux, 

 Orn. Prov. pi. 326 ; Sundevall, Sv. Fogl. pi. 47. fig. 3. 



Ad. pallide cinereus : fronte et loris pilis nigris vestitis : vertice rubro, papilloso, pilis nigris vix vestito : 

 nucha, genis, gula et collo antico infra medium nigricantibus vix schistaceo lavatis : lined lata 

 utrinque ab oculo per collum laterale producta, cinereo-alba : remigibus nigris, secundariis intimis 

 elongatis, laxis, filamentosis, nigricantibus, extimis extime cinereis : rectricibus cinereis nigricante 

 apicatis : rostro virescenti-nigro, apice pallidiore : iride brunnea : pedibus saturate nigricantibus. 



Pullus supra pallide rufescenti-arenarius, subtiis saturate rufescens, abdomine et corpore reliquo griseo-albis : 

 capite supra, dorso et uropygio imo rufescentibus. 



Adult (Archangel, 10th of September) . Forehead and sides of the face covered closely with black hair, the 

 warty red skin showing through towards the hinder part; crown red and warty, scantily covered with 

 thin hairs ; nape for about the distance of two inches greyish black, below which the hinder part of the 

 neck is white, this colour extending on each side of the black nape up to the eye ; throat, excepting a 

 narrow white streak from the base of each mandible, and neck slaty black ; lower part of the neck all 

 round, underparts generally, back, scapulars, and wing-coverts ashy grey, slightly discoloured with 

 brown here and there on the back ; primary quills black ; secondaries greatly elongated, forming a 

 conspicuous ornamental plume covering the hinder parts ; these feathers are grey like the back, but 

 are either conspicuously tipped with black, or have the outer web of that colour; in texture they 

 are loose, the radii hanging loosely and being in some partly curled ; tail grey, blackish towards 

 the tip ; bill greenish brown, much lighter at the base, dull flesh-coloured at the base of the under 



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