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in September; and Borggreve gives it. as a tolerably common summer resident in the large 

 wooded marshes in the eastern portion of North Germany, and a regular migrant throughout 

 the entire country. It seldom frequents the bare open marshes, and probably seldom, if ever, 

 breeds in the western portion of the empire. He later on, however, states that it breeds still 

 regularly in Dromling, on the boundary of the Weser and Elb territory; and Mr. A. von 

 Homeyer writes that about ten pairs breed on the Gorlitzer moors; and, according to Tobias, 

 more breed near Priemkenan. Kjserbolling states that, though becoming rare in Denmark, it 

 still breeds in several parts of the duchies ; but Mr. Benzon writes to me that, " although 

 formerly the Crane was to be found breeding in Denmark, and must have been common, as 

 is proved by the names of places such as ' Tranekjser ' &c, I know no instance of its nest having 

 been found here of late years. It rarely occurs in Denmark, the morasses having been chiefly 

 drained off, so that it finds no congenial place of habitation with us." In regard to its occur- 

 rence in North-western Germany, Mr. Carl Sachse informs me that " it has not been known 

 to breed in the Rhine provinces, but passes regularly. In 1863 they passed between the 

 29th of March and 2nd of April, in 1864 on the 3rd of April, in 1865 on the 5th of April, 

 in 1866 from the 14th to the 18th of March, in 1867 on the 20th of March, in 1868 from 

 the 15th to the 25th of March, and in 1871 between the 20th and 30th of March. On their 

 return they usually pass from the middle to the end of October. In 1854 much snow still 

 remained on the ground in March, but still several flocks of Cranes arrived, and remained 

 until the snow melted. They seemed to have quite laid aside their usual caution, and could 

 be approached to within twenty paces, and even in the open to within from thirty to fifty 

 paces, so that about fifty were shot down in a few hours. Excepting that year, I have never 

 seen a Crane settle down on the ground here since 1840. It seems as if they knew by 

 instinct that they would meet severer weather further to the north, and therefore remained 

 here and picked up what food they could get under the snow." In Belgium, Holland, and 

 France it is met with during the seasons of migration, but does not appear to remain for any 

 time in any of those countries. Professor Barboza du Bocage records it as found occasionally 

 in the wilder portions of Alemtejo and Algarve ; and Lord Lilford informs me that it is very 

 common in Southeim Spain during the winter, a few pairs remain to breed in the Marisma of the 

 Guadalquivir, and there is a colony not far from Casa Vieja, from which Major Irby obtained 

 several eggs. Major Irby himself writes to me that " the Crane is abundant on both sides of 

 the Straits of Gibraltar from October to March. None appear to remain to nest in Morocco. 

 In the marshes of the Guadalquivir some few pairs remain during the nesting-season. I found 

 one nest, but no eggs, nor have I seen any from those pai'ts. In the swamps of the Laguna de 

 Janda and between Vejer and Casa Vieja in some years as many as forty pairs remain to breed. 

 They do not nest near one another, or in any thing like a colony, being scattered over an extent 

 of some thousands of acres. They begin to lay about the first week in May, the complement 

 of eggs is never more than two." In Malta, Mr. C. A. Wright informs me, " a few are seen 

 annually in spring and autumn, and occasionally in the winter months. One was killed on the 

 13th of December, 1860, and another in March 1861 ;" and it is a regular visitant to Italy, both 

 in the spring and autumn, and is even said to breed in the neighbourhood of Venice. Dr. Henry 

 Giglioli says that " a few Cranes repass Pisa in March ; and it is a fine sight to see them flying 



