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found dead on a roof in Brahestad, and Mr. Casimir Brander obtained a specimen on two 

 occasions at Pudasjarvi, one in 1865 and one in 1868, both in the month of April. In Bussia it 

 occurs as far north as Archangel. Mr. Sabanaeff informs me that it breeds in the Olonetz 

 Government, and is very common in some parts of Central Bussia. In the Ural, he says, it does 

 not range far north, but breeds in the Pavdinsk Dacha. On the Imsha (64° N. lat.) it is 

 unknown, but is very numerous in the south-eastern and south-western districts. 



In Esthland it is stated by Bussoff to be very numerous, and is also said to be common in 

 Poland and throughout Northern Germany in suitable localities during the summer season ; and 

 Borggreve states that Schauer met with it on the Tatra to an elevation of about 6000 feet above 

 the sea-level. Mr. Benzon sends me some notes on its occurrence in Denmark, which I translate 

 as follows : — " The only Danish name of this species known to me is ' Vibe,' which the peasantry, 

 owing to the prevalent habit of turning a b to a v, corrupt into ' Vive.' In Schleswig, however, 

 it is called (in the Low-German patois) ' Kiivit.' With us it is always hailed with the Lark, 

 Stork, Starling, and Swallow as a harbinger of the spring. The average date of its arrival in 

 Denmark is as near as possible the 6th of March, the average temperature being about 0*9° Cent., 

 and the average variation in the dates of its arrival spread over about forty days ; but, as with 

 all our other summer visitors, the date of its arrival varies according to locality and the season, 

 so that in some places it usually arrives late in February and in others early in March. But the 

 exceptions are numerous; for instance, in the winter of 1870, Lapwings were seen in Fyen in 

 December, in 1873 in Seeland in January, and in 1874 at Oresund early in February. In some 

 localities it does not arrive in bad seasons until the 29th March ; and from this it will be seen 

 that the difference between the earliest and latest dates of its arrival is as much as three months. 

 The dates of its departure are also somewhat irregular ; but, as a rule, it leaves in August and 

 September, though stragglers are seen as late as October and November, and it is just possible 

 that during exceptionally mild winters a straggler or two- may remain over winter with us." In 

 Western Germany it is common, and breeds in suitable localities ; and in Belgium it is stated to 

 be very abundant during the nesting-season. In Holland, Mr. Labouchere writes, " this species 

 has preeminently the right to be called a very common bird. It may be found in all marshy 

 places and low grassy meadows, with which, as is well known, Holland abounds. It arrives in 

 the first part of March, and leaves in September. About this time, however, other flocks of these 

 birds arrive from the north-east, of which some individuals remain with us during the winter. 

 As the eggs of this species are much sought after as a delicacy, considerable numbers of them 

 are yearly exported from this country to England ; and as this trade would soon greatly diminish 

 and at last entirely exterminate these birds, it is determined by law at what time of the breeding- 

 season the taking of Peewit eggs shall cease." In France the Lapwing breeds in some of the 

 northern provinces, but is elsewhere observed during passage, and is said by Professor Barboza 

 du Bocage to be a common species in Portugal. In Spain it both winters and breeds; but 

 Colonel Irby writes (Orn. Straits Gibr. p. 159), " very few, compared with their numbers in 

 winter, remain to breed in the marismas of the Guadalquivir, where I found the nest, with 

 young, on the 26th of April. Curiously, none remain to breed about the Laguna de la Janda, 

 or, as far as I could ascertain, anywhere but in the marisma. The majority of the Peewits 

 arrive near Gibraltar about the middle of October, and take their departure north about the 



