558 



autumnal arrivals remain throughout the winter. A few birds remain throughout the year ; 

 but these are probably non-breeding birds. Mr. Haddon, of Taunton, procured a full-plumaged 

 bird as late as the 1st of June ; and by the middle or end of July the old birds again make their 

 appearance with their young." 



In Scotland it is, Mr. Robert Gray says, commonly distributed over the coast, remaining in 

 some of the western counties until the second week of June, and reappearing in the outer 

 islands about the middle of August. Mr. T. E. Buckley informs me that he has seen it on the 

 west coast of Harris in July, and fully believes that it breeds there. Dr. Saxby also states 

 (B. of Shetl. p. 171) that he saw a Turnstone on the 16th June between Skioting and Clugan 

 on Unst, and found a nest with three eggs which he believes to be those of the Turnstone ; but 

 he does not appear to have had any authentic eggs of that species to compare them with, as he 

 compares them with the plate in Mr. Hewitson's well-known work on oology. 



In Ireland it is, Thompson says, met with annually around the coast, always in autumn, and 

 occasionally at other seasons of the year. 



It is found in Greenland, and was met with by the last German Arctic Expedition in 

 October 1869 on Sabine Island, and early in August at Cape Broer Buys. Holboll states that 

 it breeds both in North and South Greenland. According to Professor Newton (Baring Gould's 

 Iceland, p. 411) " it is said by Faber to be of commoner occurrence in the south and west than 

 in the north of Iceland ; yet he found it on Grimsey in June 1820. It arrives in Iceland about 

 the last week in April, and, I have little doubt, breeds there ; for Mr. Proctor has received its 

 unmistakable eggs from the north. It mostly leaves again in the autumn ; but Faber obtained 

 one at Reykjavik on the 11th December, 1820. In 1858 it was very common in the south-west 

 about the end of May." It is not recorded by Landt from the Fseroes; but Captain Feilden 

 writes, " Wolley noticed it in a small flock, but could get no indication of its breeding. 

 Muller thinks that it breeds in Fseroe ; and I have little doubt that it does. We saw it 

 frequently both in flocks and single pairs throughout the islands. At Hoivig Holm, near 

 Thorshavn, I noticed a pair on the 21st June. On the shores of the island of Videroe they 

 were especially numerous ; near to the landing-place of the village of Videroe I counted on the 

 9th June fully a hundred feeding on the rocks at ebb-tide in company with T. maritima ; 

 though collecting in flocks of ten or a dozen when scared, they were evidently all paired. On 

 other portions of the shores of the north isles I noticed single pairs, which I thought must be 

 nesting ; but a careful search on my part failed to discover the nests. The fishermen, who are 

 well acquainted with the bird, assured me that it continued the summer through." Throughout 

 Scandinavia it is common dui'ing the summer season; and some few remain there over the 

 winter. Mr. Robert Collett writes to me that " it breeds more or less numerously all along the 

 Norwegian coast to the North Cape and East Finmark, and is met with above the Arctic circle, 

 though there more sparingly and scattered ; still it breeds on the Porsanger fiord and Varanger 

 fiord, as well as the other larger fiords in Lapland. In the autumn it is numerous on the 

 western and southern coasts of Norway, as at Jsederen and Listerland, in Christiansands Stift. 

 It very rarely enters within the fiords, and never occurs in the higher portions of them, but 

 invariably frequents the outer rocks on the coast-line where the tide ebbs and flows, and where 

 there is a luxuriant growth of sea-weed. Small flocks remain annually over winter on the west 



