598 



nigricantibus : gula alba : colli lateribus runs, pectore superiore cinerescenti-nigro, jugulo medio vix 

 rufo notato : hypochondriis pallide nigricanti-cinereis, plumis nonnullis albido marginatis : pectore imo, 

 abdomine et crisso albis : rostro nigricante, pedibus plumbescenti-griseis : iride fusca. 



S ad. mari similis sed ubique sordidior et pallidior, corpore supra magis rufescente ochraceo notato et pilei 

 plumis eodem colore vix marginatis. 



Ptil. Mem. (Mexico) capite supra, collo et corpore subtus albis : pileo imo, nucha et macula per et infra oculos 

 nigricantibus : dorso cum scapularibus cinereis, plumis omnibus albo marginatis : alis et cauda ut in 

 ptilosi sestiva sed paullo pallidioribus. 



Adult Male in summer (Kistrand, Finmark, 7th July) . Crown, nape, and upper parts generally dull sooty 

 black, on the head slightly marked with dull light brown, and the feathers on the back and scapulars, 

 which are deeper black, broadly margined with rusty ochre or yellowish ochre ; sides of the rump 

 white, and some of the upper tail-coverts marked with white, or broadly barred with white : quills 

 blackish, except at the extreme base, where they are white ; and the shafts of the quills are also white ; 

 wing-coverts blackish ; the primary coverts broadly terminated with white, forming a conspicuous alar 

 bar, and the smaller coverts also indistinctly tipped with white ; tail blackish brown ; sides of the face 

 blackish, slightly marked with rufous-ochre ; chin and upper part of the throat white ; on each side of 

 the neck, commencing on the auriculars and extending downwards a bright fox-red patch ; breast right 

 across sooty blackish, this dark hand being narrowest on the centre, and broadest on the sides of the 

 breast, and slightly marked with rusty buff and white ; flanks sooty blackish, all the feathers margined 

 with white, rest of the underparts pure white ; under wing-coverts black, broadly tipped with white ; 

 bill blackish, at the base of the lower mandible dirty yellowish ; legs greyish lead-colour ; the webs of 

 the lobes lighter; iris dark brown. Total length about 7 inches, culmen 1*05, wing 4 - 0, tail T95, 

 tarsus 0'8. Bill narrow ; toes lobed. 



Adult Female in summer (Greenland) . Larger than the male, and much brighter and richer in colour ; upper 

 parts much darker black, and having a slaty tinge ; the crown and nape unmarked ; and the back and 

 scapulars much less marked with rusty ochre than in the male ; the dark band across the breast darker 

 and purer in colour, and the rufous patch on the sides of the neck much purer in colour, and more 

 sharply and clearly defined. Culmen 1*1, wing 4'2, tail 2 - 0, tarsus - 82. 



Autumn plumage (Pavda, Ural, 13th August). Forehead white ; centre of crown, nape, and back of the 

 neck dull sooty blackish, much paler than in the summer dress; back, wings, and tail as in the 

 summer-plumaged male, but much duller in colour; entire underparts white, this colour extending 

 on the sides of the face above the eye ; no red patch on the sides of the neck, this part being white, 

 with the faintest rusty tinge, scarcely perceptible ; a black patch extending round and behind the eye ; 

 sides of the breast marked with greyish, and flanks slightly striped with dull dark greyish, and very 

 faintly washed with a rusty tinge. 



Obs. A male and a female from Guatemala, in Mr. Osbert Salvin's collection, resemble the above-described 

 specimen from Pavda ; but the margins to the dorsal feathers and the light markings on the upper parts 

 are white, with very few remains of the pale rusty yellow margins of the summer plumage, and the 

 underparts are nearly pure white. Another specimen, from Mexico, evidently in full winter dress, has 

 the entire crown pure white, the nape only being marked with dark sooty brown, the feathers on the 

 back are margined with white without any trace of rusty yellow, and the underparts are pure white, 

 with merely a few indications of grey stripes on the flanks. 



