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Eastern Finland ; but I have very little information respecting its occurrence in Northern Russia, 

 except that Von Heuglin (Ibis, 1872, p. 63) met with it in autumn plumage, early in Sep- 

 tember, in parties of about six or more, in shallow freshwater pools on Waigats Island ; neither 

 Mr. Meves nor Messrs. Harvie Brown and Alston refer to its being found in the Archangel 

 Government ; but Sabanaeff informs me that it breeds in the Perm Government, and TeplouhofF 

 met with it during the summer in 58J° N. latitude. In Germany, Denmark, and the northern 

 portions of continental Europe generally, it appears to be met with only as an occasional visitant 

 during the autumn and winter, being most frequently seen on the coast. It does not appear to 

 have been recorded from the Dutch coast previous to 1866, "when, according to Heer von 

 Wickevoort Crommelin, it occurred in the autumn; but Baron von Droste Hulshoff records 

 (J. f. O. 1864, p. 426) one shot in June, near Hopp, on the island of Borkum. On the coast of 

 France it is only a rare straggler ; and Degland and Gerbe say that several appeared on the coast 

 of Dunkerque, in October 1839, after a severe north-east gale. Professor Barboza du Bocage 

 includes it in his list of the birds of Portugal with a query ; but I do not find any record what- 

 ever of its occurrence in Spain. 



In Italy it is extremely rare ; only one or two instances of its occurrence are recorded 

 by Salvadori in his ' Uccelli d'ltalia ' lately published. I do not find any record of its having 

 been met with in Greece, though Messrs. Elwesand Buckley state (Ibis, 1870, p. 332) that they 

 saw a specimen in Mr. Robson's collection which he had killed on the Bosphorus. In Southern 

 Germany it is met with as a rare straggler ; and the Bitter von Tschusi-Schmidhofen informs 

 me that " according to Palliardi, a male was shot on the Eger, in Bohemia, on the 6th November 

 1844, and came into the collection of Colonel Feldegg, and one was killed on the Oplatil pond 

 on the 18th September, 1853; a Bohemian-killed specimen was in the Kablik collection; and 

 Schary has a young bird obtained at Rumburg on the 18th November, 1854. One obtained at 

 Moorbruch, in Silesia, is in the Troppau Museum ; Dr. Schwab shot one on the 18th September 

 1856, at Mahr-Ostran, in Moravia; according to Von Hiiber a pair were shot on the Wiesenlach, 

 in Karnthen ; in Hungary the Rev. Mr. Jukowits saw three on the Neusiedler Lake, and obtained 

 one in immature plumage in 1857, and also obtained three in 1859 at the same place; in 

 Siebenburgen, Jickeli shot one in August 1870, at the Reissback, near Hermannstadt ; and, 

 according to Zwadzki, it has frequently been shot in Galicia." In Southern Russia it is rare, 

 and Von Nordmann makes mention of but one example, obtained near Odessa in March 1835. 

 I do not find any record of its occurrence in Asia Minor or North-eastern Africa ; but it has been 

 met with in North-western Africa, and Loche speaks of it as being a rare winter straggler. 



To the eastward it is found across Asia to Japan. Mr. Blanford informs me that he found 

 it numerous in Persia during the winter season; and Mr. A. O. Hume (Stray Feathers, i. p. 246) 

 says that Mr. James obtained a specimen in August in the Kurrachee harbour, and forwarded it 

 to him; and Blyth (Ibis, 1859, p. 464) says that one was obtained by Dr. L. C. Stewart near 

 Madras; Severtzoff writes (Turk. Jevotnie, p. 69) that it is found in Turkestan, especially in the 

 south-eastern and north-western districts, where it frequents the rivers, and is a partial migrant. 

 He did not observe it higher than 4000 feet in the mountains. In Siberia it is recorded by Von 

 Middendorff, who says that it appeared on the Taimyr river, in 73|° N. lat., early in June, and 

 bred there, but was rarer than the Grey Phalarope. On the Boganida, in 20° N. lat., it was not 



