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Messrs. Baikie and Heddle state that it occurred on Sanday in September 1815 ; and Dr. Saxby 

 says that he has met with it in Shetland. In Ireland, according to Thompson, it has been 

 occasionally met with in various parts of the country. 



In Scandinavia it is tolerably common throughout the country, and breeds in some numbers. 

 Mr. Robert Collett informs me that it " breeds from the southernmost portion of Norway up to 

 Tromso (in 69° 46' N. lat.), but it does not occur in Finmark proper. It is, however, not evenly 

 distributed throughout the country south of the above boundary, but, like Anthus pratensis, 

 Charadrius pluvialis, Cyanecula suecica, Asio accipitrinus, Motacilla flam, and many other 

 species, it is confined almost entirely to the birch-region on the fells — that is, to the alpine 

 region, above 2500 feet altitude, where the large open flat places are most suitable to its habits. 

 But it also breeds in a few localities on low islands close to the coast, as, for instance, on the 

 Hvaloer, on Jsederen, near Stavanger, and in several places north of the Trondhjemsfiord. In 

 the lowlands it only occurs during passage, when in some localities it is very common, as, for 

 instance, a little above Christiania, in some places near the Christiania fiord. It arrives in 

 Norway about the middle of May, and by the end of that month it resorts to the fells to 

 commence nidification. In the latter end of August or the middle of September both old and 

 young birds, the latter being then full-grown, return to the lowlands, and leave the country 

 about the middle of September. A few, however, may generally be found on Jsederen through- 

 out the winter, as also on the flat portions of the country near the sea on the south-west coast. 

 Most of those which breed in Norway appear to migrate to and from their breeding-haunts 

 through Sweden ; and its line of migration is therefore from east to west (and vice versd), rather 

 than from north to south. In Sweden it breeds from Skane to Lycksele, in Southern Lapland, 

 where Professor Zetterstedt met with it. In the country north of the Dalelf it is, as a rule, rare 

 even in suitable localities. In Central Sweden it is more common, chiefly in scattered pairs 

 on meadows and the edges of lakes, or in some numbers in the valleys through which the rivers 

 flow, where there is abundance of grass land. In Wermland it is stated to be somewhat rare, 

 but is more common in Nerike along the Svarta; but few occur in Westmanland, except in 

 the eastern portion ; and it is very rare in Sodermanland. In Ostergotland it is not common ; but 

 a tolerable number breed in the vicinity of Soderkoping and around Takern ; in Westergotland 

 it is more numerous along the Tidan and in the low valleys between the mountains ; it is but 

 rare in Bohuslan, except in the vicinity of Goteborg. It appears to be most numerous in 

 Upland, where it is said to be commoner than anywhere else in Sweden. Numbers breed in the 

 lovely meadow-lands which are intersected by brooks in the northern portion of Upsala Lan. In 

 Fjerdhundra, along the watercourses which fall into the Temna. and in all the valleys which 

 converge to the Malaren, and in many portions of Roslagen, it is equally numerous ; and con- 

 sequently Upland appears to be its true home. In Southern Sweden it occurs in some numbers 

 in the Emmans valley; in Kalmar Lan and in Skane it is chiefly found in the vicinity of 

 Christianstad. Probably, however, it breeds in many parts where it has not been recorded, as it 

 is a species which does not readily betray its presence. It appears to occur only in the southern 

 portion of Finland ; and even there, Dr. Palmen says, it is by no means numerous, though more 

 so in some years than in others. It is said to have been met with as far north as Wasa ; but 

 this Dr. Palmen considers to be an exceptional case. In Russia, however, it ranges much further 



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