the Petchora. During the spring passage it was not numerous ; but he observed it in the south- 

 eastern portions of the Ekaterinburg district. Eversmann states that it is common in the Ural 

 during passage, also in the Kazan, Ufim, and northern parts of the Orenburg Governments. 

 Meshakoff says that it breeds in the Vologda Government. According to Borggreve it is found 

 throughout North Germany up to an altitude of 2000 feet above the sea-level, but most certainly 

 does not breed there. Professor Kjserbolling, however, states that it breeds, though rarely, in 

 Denmark, where it is usually found on passage in April and September, some remaining 

 throughout the winter in mild seasons. It is, he says, less numerous than the common Snipe, 

 but more so than the Double Snipe. 



According to Professor Schlegel it occurs in Holland in April and May, and again in August 

 and September. He says also that it has bred there ; but this is doubtless an error. In Belgium 

 the Jack Snipe is common at the two seasons of migration ; and the same may be said as regards 

 its occurrence in France. Mr. Adrien Lacroix states that it is a winter visitant to the French 

 Pyrenees ; Professor Barboza du Bocage records it as being very common in Portugal ; and it is 

 also common in Spain during the cold season. Colonel Irby writes (Orn. Str. Gibr. p. 174) : — 

 " On the Spanish side of the Straits of Gibraltar the Jacksnipe is generally distributed through- 

 out the winter, and is extremely numerous about some favourite black muddy spots at Casa 

 Vieja, and in the ' ojos,' or land springs, at the edges of the marisma; but it is by no means so 

 plentiful as the common Snipe. Towards the end of February Jacksnipes assemble together 

 very much ; and this gathering of them is a sure prelude to the general departure of most of the 

 Snipes for the north. The greatest number of the present species that I ever saw anywhere was 

 in some of the ' ojos ' westward of Coria del Rio, near Seville ; these circular spots, about ten 

 yards in diameter, are very muddy and sparingly covered with short sedge. Many of them held 

 fifteen or a dozen Jacksnipe ; and the oft-cited but imaginary individual who is said to have 

 found a single Jacksnipe afford him sport for months, until his friend unluckily killed it, would 

 here, indeed, have been in happy hunting-grounds." In Savoy the Jack Snipe arrives somewhat 

 later than the common Snipe, and is usually most abundant in November; and, according to 

 Salvadori, it is found throughout Italy from the autumn to the spring, though in smaller numbers 

 than the common Snipe ; and in Sicily and Sardinia it is abundant during the winter, especially 

 about the southern marshy districts of the former island. Mr. C. A. Wright records it as 

 tolerably common in Malta in March and again in October and November ; and Lord Lilford 

 states that in the Ionian Islands it is common, but less so in proportion to the common Snipe 

 than in any other country he has visited. 



Dr. Kriiper says that it is found throughout the winter in wet fields and swamps throughout 

 Greece, leaving for the north again in March. Erhard met with it on the Cyclades during 

 passage ; Colonel Drummond-Hay says that it is not common in Macedonia, and that it appears 

 in the Ionian Islands about the 1st of November. I am informed by Messrs. C. E. C. Newton 

 and Hanbury-Barclay that in Albania it is rather more numerous than in England, being in the 

 proportion of about one to four of the common Snipe. In the winter of 1869-70, the former 

 gentleman writes, "Jack Snipe were at the rate of three to one of the full species on the 

 Butrinto marsh, and the Duke of Hamilton and Mr. D. Baird, with whom I was shooting, 

 would not go out, as they were so tame." Lord Lilford, who met with it in Crete, says that in 



