24 E. ETHERIDGE, JTJN., ON LOWER- CARBONIFEROUS INVERTEBRATE . 



the Arthur's -Seat beds) ; hut at present these appear to he all we 

 know of. Proceeding upwards, however, we meet with some de- 

 batable beds of sandstone and shale resting on the felstones of 

 Warklaw Hill along the north flank of the Pentland Hills *, which 

 Prof. Geikie informs me he is inclined to place at the base of the 

 Cement- stone group. These beds, where cut by the Clubbidean 

 Burn, contain Sphenopteris affinis, L. & H., Leperditia scoto-burdi- 

 galensis, Hibbert, and a crushed bivalve which Mr. Salter considered 

 an oval species of Myalina f . In the south bank of the Clubbidean 

 Eeservoir a limestone of the same set of beds is seen to be almost 

 entirely made up of Spirorbis helicteres, Salter, with Sp>. carbo- 

 narius, Murchison. This appears to be the first appearance of 

 which we have any record of Pelecypoda and Annelida in the Lower 

 Carboniferous of this district, and was regarded by Mr. Salter as 

 indicative of marine conditions!:. In some shales overlying the 

 Greenstone of Craiglockhart Hill, seen in an old quarry on the north 

 side of the Colinton road, near Edinburgh, a more copious fauna has 

 been found by Mr. Henderson. We there meet with Discina nitida, 

 Phill., Lingula squamiformis, Phill. ?, L. mytiloides, Sow., Avicula 

 Hendersoni, mihi, Myalina sublamellosa, mihi, and Anihracosia ? nu- 

 cleus, Brown. 



On passing to the strata more properly known as the Wardie 

 Shales, we meet with a still further increase in the life of the Lower 

 Carboniferous. The Annelida are augmented by the appearance of 

 Serpulites carbonarius, M'Coy, at Woodhall. The Actinozoa also 

 first put in an appearance in this horizon ; for we find many of the 

 Orthoceratites occurring in the Woodhall shale covered with a para- 

 sitic Chaitetes. Brachiopoda had previously been recorded from the 

 Wardie Shales, as before stated, by Mr. Davidson and Mr. Salter, in 

 the form of Lingula squamiformis at Wardie. A well-marked ex- 

 ample of this species has been obtained by Mr. Henderson in the 

 Water of Leith at the Dean Bridge, Edinburgh; whilst Lingula 

 mytiloides has passed from the Craiglockhart Shale to the Woodhall 

 horizon, accompanied by Avicula Hendersoni. The occurrence at 

 Juniper Green of the frequently-mentioned bed of shale below the 

 ford at Woodhall Mill brings us, perhaps, to one of the most impor- 

 tant points in connexion with the Carboniferous geology of the 

 south-east of Scotland ; for we here meet with the first appearance 

 of several species of marine shells which pass upwards from these 

 beds and ultimately become some of the most characteristic fossils 

 of the Carboniferous Limestone. The species contained in this bed 

 which have previously made their appearance are Sjpirorbis car- 

 bonarius, Discina nitida, Lingula mytiloides, and Avicula Hendersoni. 

 Those which first make their appearance here are Chmtetes, sp. 

 ind., Serpidites carbonarius, Aviculopecten, sp. ind., Myalina crassa, 

 Elem., var., Schizodus Salteri, Pandora typica, Pleurotomaria moni- 

 liferal, Murchisonia striatulal, Bellerophon decussatus, Elem., var., 

 Conularia, sp. ind., Nautilus cariniferus 1 ? , and Orihoceras. One spe- 

 cies, Nuculana Sharmani, is peculiar to this bed. 



* Memoir 32, p. 18. t Ibid. j Ibid. p. 144. 



