2 E. EXHEEIDGE, JTJN., ON LOWEE-CAEBOtflFEEOtrS INVEETEBEATA. 



taken. We have the result of Mr. Salter's examination of a collec- 

 tion of fossils made by Messrs. E. Gibhs and "W. Ehind during Prof. 

 Geikie's survey of the district, in the Appendix to the ' Geology of 

 the Neighbourhood of Edinburgh.' Notwithstanding that Mr. 

 Salter's observations were confined to a mere list of the species 

 obtained by the collectors, there can be no doubt that his were the 

 first systematically carried out, and that they laid the foundation for 

 future research. 



In this communication ^propose to give : — first, a summary of our 

 present knowledge of the Invertebrate Eauna of the Calciferous 

 Sandstone series as developed in the Edinburgh neighbourhood; 

 secondly, a description of the fossils from a particular horizon in the 

 series, the Wardie Shales, contained in the cabinets of Mr. John 

 Henderson and Mr. Gall ; and, thirdly, some general remarks on the 

 first appearance of certain species in the Calciferous Sandstone series 

 of this district. It will not be out of place, perhaps, for me to give 

 a few particulars as to the extent and subdivisions of the Calciferous 

 Sandstone Series before proceeding to the first of the foregoing 

 subjects. 



The strata comprised in the Calciferous Sandstone or Lower 

 Carboniferous Series of Edinburghshire, as elsewhere in Scotland, 

 speaking generally, are divisible into a superior or Cement-stone 

 group and an inferior or Eed Sandstone group. The former consists 

 in this district of sandstone, shales, oil-shales, some thin corals, and 

 a few limestones ; the latter of red and grey sandstones, conglome- 

 rates, marls, and cornstones *. Speaking of these divisions in the 

 district in question, Prof. A. Geikie says the lower group " forms the 

 ground on which the greater part of Edinburgh is built, whence it 

 stretches southward by Craigmillar to Liberton, and south-westward 



along the western flank of the Pentland Hills The various 



strata [of the upper group] extend from the western and northern 

 part of Edinburgh westward to Linlithgow, and south-westward by 

 the Cobinshaw Eeservoir into Lanarkshire " f . 



The lower, or Eed Sandstone group, has proved so unfossilifer- 

 ous, hitherto, that it may be dismissed for the present. Passing to 

 the Cement-stone group, the first well-marked horizon we meet with 

 is formed by a " series of sandstones, shales, and thin limestones " 

 in the streams flowing into the Clubbidean Eeservoir from the north- 

 ern flank of the Pentland Hills £. Above this there appear to be 

 several well-marked horizons ; but as regards their order of super- 

 position and relation to one another, there is some diversity of 

 opinion. According to Prof. Geikie, the next most important group 

 is that of the Wardie Shales exposed along the course of the Water 

 of Leith, traceable for about six or seven miles southwards from 

 their exposure on the shore of the Eirth of Eorth, at Newhaven or 

 Wardie between Leith and Granton, and overlain by a vast series of 



* J. Geikie, ' The Carboniferous Formation of Scotland,' p. 9. 

 t Descriptive Cat. Bock Specimens Geol. Survey Scotland, p. 18 ; see also 

 Mem. Geol. Survey Scotland, 1861, No. 32, pp. 16-42. 

 | A. Geikie, Memoir 32, p. 18. 



