298 C LAPWORTII ON THE MOFFAT SERIES. 



duate upwards into the coarse greywackes of the country. From 

 their position in the section there cannot be the slightest doubt that 

 these flaggy shales are actually the upper or grey division of the 

 Birkhill Shales of our typical localities of Dobb's Linn and the bands 

 to the south of the Moffat- Yarrow valley. The dark fossiliferous 

 shales and the peculiar white-clay bands have gradually vanished as 

 we have followed the Moffat Series to the west and north to this 

 spot, where scarcely a single trace of them remains. 



The section has a further value in affording a perfect demonstra- 

 tion of the inferiority of the Moffat Series of the Meggatdale to 

 the surrounding greywackes, many of which are very different in 

 their general features from those of the southern region. 



(c) Basin of the Moffat Water. 



The typical section of the Moffat Series of Dobb's Linn, which 

 occurs at the head of the Moffat, has been already described. The 

 remaining sections in this area may be dismissed in a few words. 



Polmoody. — A short but continuous band of black shale runs 

 from the hamlet of Polmoody in Moffatdale towards the head of 

 Winterhope. The only strata visible along its course are the Birk- 

 hill Shales. In the Tail Burn they yield their characteristic fossils 

 in relief. In the scores above Polmoody their highest beds can 

 be seen in contact on both sides with the greywackes. 



Carrifran. — A second band crosses the three parallel streams of 

 Blackshope, Carrifran, and the Midlaw Burn. In Blackshope the 

 strata are frightfully shattered ; in Carrifran the fossils of the Di- 

 cranograptus-Clingani zone may be collected from the dark shales in 

 abundance. In the exposure in the mountain of Whitecombe, the 

 grey division of the Birkhill Shales may be seen in conformable 

 contact with the greywackes. 



BodsbecJc. — A single apparition of the Birkhill Shales occurs at 

 the spot marked on the map (PL XL) upon the south side of the 

 Moffat Water. 



Shorhuoodend, Sfc. — The highest Birkhill beds pass below the 

 greywackes at Shortwoodend, not far from the bottom of the valley. 

 Traces of similar fossiliferous Birkhill beds have been detected by 

 myself at the other localities indicated. 



§ IV. Summary of Observations and Conclusions regarding the 

 Physical Relations of the Moffat Series. 



We have now completed our examination of the sections of the 

 Graptolitic shales and mudstones seen within the limits of the Moffat 

 district. The details brought forward in the preceding pages or 

 inserted upon the accompanying plans and sections, place it wholly 

 beyond question that in all the localities mentioned the various groups 

 of the dark shales stand in corresponding natural relations to each 

 other, and in the same physical attitude with respect to the sur- 

 rounding greywackes. In spite of the excessive disturbance, frac- 



