ON THE PHYSICAL GEOLOGY OF THE UPPER PUNJAB, 34' 



20. Notes on the Physical Geology of the Upper Punjab. By A, 

 B. Wynne, Esq., F.G.S., Geological Survey of India. (Bead 

 February 20, 1878.) 



[Plate XIV.] 



Contents. 



Page 



1. Introductory 347 



2. Eecent additions to geological knowledge of the district 347 



3. Comparative table of formations continued from p. 63, vol. xxx. 



Q.J.G.S 349 



4. Preliminary remarks and list of Upper Punjab rocks 348 



5. Pal/Eozoic. — Oldest rocks 352 



6. „ Cambrian and Silurian 353 



7. „ Rock-salt, mode of its occurrence. Volcanic rock 354 



8. „ Overlying rocks, possibly represented in the Infra-Triassic 



groups of Hazara 355 



9. , , Disturbance, indications of land 356 



10. ,, Carboniferous, Salt Range, Jamu (Jumoo) 356 



11. „ Possible connexion with Infra-Trias 357 



12. „ Disturbance 357 



13. ,, Absence of formation to the north, presence in Kashmir . 358 



14. Mesozoic. — Triassic to the north ; in Salt range, &c 358 



15. „ Jurassic, Salt Range, Himalayan 360 



16. „ Cretaceous, Himalayan, Chichalli Pass, Salt Range 362 



17. Cainozoic. — Nummulitic, Salt Range, trans-Indus, Outer Himalaya, 



Jamu 363 



18. „ Local characters, Rock-salt, Coal Shales, Land 364 



19. „ Tertiary Sandstone and Clay series, mode of deposition . 366 



20. „ Conditions, vicinity of land, disturbance, faults 368 



21. Post-Tertiary. — Deposits, conditions, fossils 370 



22. , , Erratics, distribution, transport, ice 371 



23. Recent. — Denudation 373 



24. Summary 374 



1. In December of the year 1873 I brought before the Society 

 some features in the physical geology of the Upper Punjab*. 

 Observations which I have made since then, together with informa- 

 tion derived from those of others, enable me now to offer some 

 additional notes on this country, more detailed accounts of which 

 will be found in the publications noted below f. 



2. The principal additions to our knowledge of the geology of 

 this and neighbouring regions, obtained since my last communica- 

 tion was written, have been gathered from the following opera- 

 tions : — 



The trans-Indus salt region has been examined and reported 

 upon %, the arrangement of the rocks leading to the inference that 

 the vast local deposits of rock-salt and gypsum are much newer 

 than those of the cis-Indus Salt Range — the salt of one region 

 being little if at all older than Eocene, and of the other not newer 

 than Silurian. 



* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxx. p. 61. 



t Records Geol. Surv. Ind. vols. vi. p. 59, vii, p. 64, viii. p> 46, x. pp. 140, 223, 



I Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind, vol. xi. pt. 2. 



2a2 



