356 A. B. WYNNE ON THE PHYSICAL 



Triassic group resting unconformably upon the slates beneath Sir 

 Ban* in Hazara, No. 8 in the list. 



9. All the rocks, from the crystalline basement of Hazara up to, 

 and above, both this infra-Triassic and these old Salt-Range groups 

 (Nos. 5 and 6), present more or less the appearance of disturbance, 

 greatest in the Himalayan direction and least marked in the eastern 

 Salt- Range region. At the base of the northern infra-Triassic 

 group, also, has been observed the first interruption in the sequence 

 of the Upper Punjab rocks. The unconformity showing this is 

 complete, being accompanied by palpable evidence of the denudation 

 of the underlying slates. Yet no trace of it has been found in the 

 Salt Range. It marks a period of disturbance and elevation in the 

 Western-Himalayan area indefinitely pre-Triassic, and which, from 

 the absence, so far as can be proved where it occurs, of the Carbo- 

 niferous and immediately underlying Salt-Range groups f, most 

 probably took place at an early post-Silurian period. 



The indications of adjacent land, at least partly formed of crys- 

 talline rocks, unlike those of the Himalayan area, still continue in 

 the conglomerates of the extra -Himalayan group, No. 6 in the list 

 (p. 351). 



Carboniferous. 



10. There are no Devonian rocks known anywhere in this part 

 of the country ; nor, in the absence of organic remains from groups 

 5, 6, and 8, is there any distinct representative of the Old Red Sand- 

 stone ; so that we find the Palaeozoic formations passing upwards 

 from the Silurian period, in the Salt Range, through magnesian and 

 arenaceous rocks of doubtful age, into conformable earthy, sandy, 

 and calcareous Carboniferous deposits. In the Himalayan region 

 the unconformity just now noticed may have interrupted the suc- 

 cession ; but a possibility exists that the unfossiliferous infra- 

 Triassic beds of Sir Ban may belong to this period. Sandstones, 

 dolomites, and haematites of Carboniferous age occur elsewhere, 

 though in the extra-Himalayan region seldom without associated 

 beds containing ample fossil evidence of their age J. 



In the western Salt Range the Carboniferous rocks are largely 

 developed and highly fossiiiferous. The fossils have formed the 

 subject of former communications to this Society §, and Dr. Waagen 

 has described the most ancient known forms of Ammonites as 



* Seer Bun. 



t All this older portion of the Salt-Range series, below the Carboniferous, 

 was included in the Devonian formation of Dr. Fleming's Reports (Journ. Asiat. 

 Soc. Beng. vol. xxii. p. 239) ; but the Silurian fossils of group No. 4 had not 

 then been discovered. 



| Mr. Lydekker found in a detached block close to Hassan Abdal (see map) 

 a single specimen of Productus Humboldtii, common in the Salt Range, and 

 also recorded from Kashmir. After considerable search I was unable to find 

 any trace of these rocks in situ ; and the presence of the fossil is suggestive that 

 the Sir-Ban beds are different from the Carboniferous rocks whence this de- 

 tached block came. 



§ Quart. Journ. G-eol. Soc. vol. ix. p. 189, vol. xviii. p. 25, and vol. xix. p. 1. 



