358 A. B. WYNNE ON THE PHYSICAL 



same results of disturbance. In the west Salt Eange, where the 

 Carboniferous rocks occur, the general arrangement is that of a 

 much dislocated monoclinal, or portion of an anticlinal curvature ; 

 the gentle slope towards the Himalayan area, the opposite one 

 wanting to complete the curve. In detail the Carboniferous lime- 

 stones of this ground present more closely compressed contortions 

 than elsewhere towards the middle of the range. The forms of 

 disturbance noticed here are common along the southern side of the 

 whole Himalayan region, the steeper dips being away from the 

 range*. 



A westerly exposure of the Carboniferous beds is known to occur 

 south of the Shin-ghurf mountains, and another flanking the Kaffir- 

 Kot hills to the southward. I have also lately received several 

 Carboniferous fossils collected in the district of Dor a-Ishm ail-Khan, 

 still further southward and beyond the Indus. 



13. The ante-Himalayan series of the country between the 

 rivers Jhelum and Indus has as yet afforded no certain information 

 as to the conditions of the period. In the Jamu area limestones 

 with singularly few organic traces were being formed, and occa- 

 sionally fine detrital sediments were deposited. In Kashmir the 

 basal relations of the Carboniferous beds are obscured by metamor- 

 phism — quartzites, slates, and hornblendic slates being found in 

 this position, according to Major God win- Austen ; while I have seen 

 large developments of the peculiar Kashmir trappoid, amygdaloidal, 

 or other rocks of strongly igneous aspect at the foot of the moun- 

 tains (lying north-east of that valley), along which, he says, the 

 Carboniferous formation can be traced. In the glen of the Liddur, 

 too, among these mountains, I obtained from shaly and slaty rocks 

 of the Carboniferous formation a few fossils, including a Fenestella 

 and many parts of small Trilobites J. 



In my former paper I pointed out that these Kashmir Carboni- 

 ferous deposits were entirely unlike any of the shaly bands in the 

 Salt-Kange Carboniferous rocks. As to the argillaceous beds, 

 quantity and cleavage are the most noticeable points of distinction ; 

 the limestones, too, have a rather darker look in Kashmir (so far as 

 I could follow them) ; but the waters in which they were precipitated 

 were probably united from one region to the other, as fossils of the 

 same species occur in both localities. 



Mesozoic. Triassic, 



14. I have already mentioned the infra-Triassic group of Sir- 

 Ban mountain ; it is composed of red shales, sandstones, and red 

 quartzitic dolomites below, with lighter-coloured siliceous thick 

 dolomites above, overlain by haematites, quartz-breccias, sandstones, 

 and shales. The same waters in which these were deposited also 

 laid down Triassic rocks at a later period. 



* According to Mr. Medlicott, " Geology of Kumaun and Garhwal," 

 N.W. Provinces Gazetteer. f Sheenghur. 



{ Scarcely determinable, as Dr. Stoliczka thought, and therefore not preserved. 



