\SQ2 A. B. WYNNE ON THE PHYSICAL 



thickness, but containing many fossils, chiefly Cephalopoda, imme- 

 diately succeeds the Jurassic " Spiti Shales " at Sir Ban, and is over- 

 lain by pale, thin-bedded, unfossiliferous limestone. For a long 

 distance westward this upper zone has not been identified ; but the 

 sandy limestone with its Cephalopoda reappears close to Kohat. 

 Between this place and Attock, at Mirkulan Pass, grey limestone, 

 associated with old-looking slates and quartzites, contains among 

 obscure traces of other fossils some sections of Encrinite stems, which 

 Dr. Waagen thought possibly belonged to Cretaceous species. 



In many places south and eastward of Attock there is no visible 

 representative of the Cretaceous formation between the Trias or 

 Jura and the Nummulitic group ; while the general appearance of 

 this Mirkulan section, with its hard, old, metamorphic-looking lime- 

 stones and quartzites and splintery slates, recalls the description of 

 Mr. Lydekker's "Kiol* Series," or the association of limestones and 

 metamorphic rocks at Ooree in the Kashmir territory. 



In the extra-Himalayan area the Cretaceous group had a similarly 

 partial development to that which it exhibits to the north. At the 

 Chichallif Bass near Kalabag the thin-bedded Jurassic limestones, 

 with large planulate Ammonites, and the variegated series are suc- 

 ceeded by a mass of blackish-green, glauconitic-looking shales, the 

 lowest part of which appears to have been deposited in the Jurassic 

 period, while the upper portion of the bed contains numbers of 

 Neocoinian globose Ammonites £ and uncanaliculate Belemnites. 

 These shales are overlain by a thick band of yellow sandstone, the 

 uneven upper surface of which seems to have been somewhat de- 

 nuded before the succeeding Tertiary rocks were deposited. Another 

 indication of unconformity (apparently very local) was noticed by 

 Dr. "Waagen further down in what seems to be the same series 

 nearer to Kalabag. 



Nothing has been observed to show that there were Cretaceous 

 deposits succeeding the Jurassic beds in the western part of the 

 eis-Indus Salt Bange ; but in its central portion, conformably inter- 

 posed between the Nummulitic and Carboniferous or other groups, 

 are some impure limestones, shales, and marls, or sandy layers, con- 

 taining, amongst other fossils thought to be Cretaceous §, Terebratula 

 FUmingii, the distinctness of which from any known Carboniferous 

 form has been pointed out by Mr. Davidson ||. 



Further to the east a larger group of greenish sandstones and 

 dark Boulder-clays, forming one of the upper members of the con- 

 formable series of the range, just beneath the Eocene rocks, contains 

 occasionally some obscure casts of large bivalves. This group has 

 been provisionally considered to represent the Cretaceous beds of 

 other localities. It is chiefly remarkable for almost closing the list 

 of evidences which the Salt-Bange series furnishes of previously 

 existing land to the south, by a striking example of the Boulder- 



* Paper on the Pir Panjal cited abore. f Chickallee. 



\ Found by Dr. Waagen and myself together, and recognized as Neocomian 

 h J kim. § B V Dr. Waagen. 



|| Quart, Journ, Geol. Soc, Feb. 1862, vol. xviii. p. 26. 



