GEOLOGY OE THE UPPER PUNJAB. 363 



deposits formed of crystalline rocks derived from unknown sources, 

 but nevertheless from shores which probably lay to the southward. 

 A resemblance has been thought by Mr. Theobald to exist between 

 this dark earthy Boulder-bed and the Talchir* deposits of peninsular 

 India ; it is certainly like the description of the Talchir bed given 

 by Mr. Feddenf, and the similarity is increased by the discovery a 

 few months since of a red granitic boulder showing plainly polished 

 and striated surfaces exactly such as are produced by the agency of 

 ice. This boulder was found by Mr. Theobald on the eastern 

 plateau of the Salt Range, among other crystalline debris, all of 

 which seemed to have come from the adjacent dark Boulder- clay of 

 this greenish or olive sandstone group, supposed to be of Cretaceous 

 age. The only doubt regarding its ice-scratched appearance is 

 whether this was produced before or after it was enclosed in the 

 Boulder-bed near which it was found ; and in the absence of decided 

 recent glacial indications in the vicinity, such as strise or moraines, 

 the presumption is that the scratching of the block took place before 

 it was imbedded in the neighbouring shale conglomerate. 



Cainozoic. Nummulitic. 



17. In early Eocene times there appears to have been much loca-^ 

 lization of the deposits over the whole area under notice. In the 

 Salt Range they succeed, often with the utmost appearance of tran- 

 sition and conformity, the supposed Cretaceous rocks of the east and 

 central part of the range, and also in the same manner follow those 

 of Jurassic age to the west, with the exception just now indicated 

 when referring to the Chichalli Pass and neighbourhood of Kala- 

 bag. In this pass, the inclinations of the Tertiary and Cretaceous 

 junction layers are uniform, but the latter have an uneven upper 

 surface. 



To the northward, between this place and Kohat, the base of the 

 Nummulitic series is not seen, or else that position is occupied by 

 the great rock-salt and gypsum group of the locality (described in 

 ' Memoirs Geological Survey of India,' vol. xi. pt. 2). 



In the outer Himalayan country tho basal relations of the Nummu- 

 litic beds are obscured by disturbance. At some places the succession 

 to the next older rocks seems to be one of regular conformity ; at 

 others, though the stratification is too much disturbed to permit the 

 relations to be seen, it is evident that the series occurring at the 

 junction elsewhere is not present. 



In the Jamu Hills the same complete parallelism as occurs at the 

 Salt Range at the base of the formation marks its contact with the 

 Carboniferous rocks ; but the Eocene beds of this country present 

 links both with the upper and lower beds of other places, though 

 they do not appear to exactly represent either part of the series, the 

 large developments of limestone having thinned away. 



The bulk of the Eocene rocks are mainly limestones. The 



* Talcheer. t Eecords Geol. Suit, lad. toI. viii. p. 10. 



