W. SHONE ON THE GLACIAL DEPOSITS OF WEST CHESHIRE. 387 



and Trophon clathratus, var. truncata. The remaining seventeen 

 species are of no special interest. 



From the Lower Boulder-clay of Dawpool, Cheshire, out of thirty- 

 five species, the following are Arctic and Scandinavian forms ;— 



Leda pernula. Natica affinis. 



Astarte borealis. Fusus despectus. 



The following are British shells of northern type : — 



Mytilus modiolus. 

 Cyprina islandica. 

 Lacuna divaricata. 

 Buccinum undatum. 



Trophon clathratus, var. truncata. 

 Pleurotoma rufa. 

 Trevelyana. 



The remaining twenty-four species are of no special interest. 



Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys, in the notes attached to the lists of the fore- 

 going Mollusca from the Upper Boulder-clay of Newton, Middle 

 Sands of Upton, and the Lower Boulder-clay of Dawpool, Cheshire, 

 says, " The fauna is Scandinavian, with the exception of Area 

 lactea, Venus cliione, and Natica sordida," the southern species 

 which occur in the Upper Boulder-clay of Newton. 



The Ostracoda in the sand within the shells of the Gastropoda 

 from the Boulder- clays of Dawpool, Newton, and Liverpool were 

 named by the Rev. H. W. Crosskey, F.G.S., and he states that "the 

 group could not as a whole be called a decidedly Arctic one ; but it 

 has a generally northern character, and quite agrees with your 

 description of the fauna," viz. boreal. 



The Foraminifera do not indicate any special climatic conditions. 

 They are all British species, the whole of which have been found by 

 Mr. J. D. Siddall, Chester, and my mother, Mrs. Shone, in the estuary 

 of the Dee. 



It is of importance to note that the whole of the fauna from the 

 drifts of this district, whether of Mollusca, Ostracoda, or Foraminifera, 

 belong to littoral or sublittoral species, the commonest shore-forms 

 being the most abundant ; so persistent is this littoral character of 

 the fauna that the question naturally arises, Are the localities from 

 which they are obtained the sites of ancient raised sea-beaches? 

 This query opens out the whole subject of the mode of occurrence 

 and condition of the shells. Mr. Reade, in the paper before referred 

 to (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxx. p. 31), suggests tidal currents 

 as the principal means by which the shells were distributed. I am 

 of the same opinion, that currents did distribute the shells in the 

 Middle Sands and Gravels, because they occur in the bands of fine 

 sliingle, showing that they have been sorted according to their 

 tueight ; also it is worthy of note that the Gastropoda are conse- 

 quently not filled with fine sand, but with the coarse sand in which 

 they lie imbedded, which on examination has never yet yielded Mi- 

 crozoa. Then current bedding is very frequent, especially where 

 shingle bands occur in the Middle Sands ; and the shells are more rolled 

 than in the Boulder-clays. The fragmentary condition of the 

 shells, and the fact that the wo valves of the bivalve Mollusca are 

 never found united either in the clays or the sands, are so well 



