EUROPEAN MIOCENE AND PLIOCENE STRATA. 407 



Capreoline type may be traced back to the Cervus Matheroni of the 

 Upper Miocenes. 



From the description of Cervus Cauvieri given by Prof. Gervais, I 

 should infer that it is closely allied to, if not identical with, C. cu- 

 sanus. 



Formation. — Pliocenes of Cuyssac, near Le Puy (Haute Loire), 

 Arde, and Etuaire, near Issoire. 



IV. The Axeim:. 



The fossil species grouped together under this head consist of 

 forms closely allied to the round-antlered Deer of the Oriental Eegion 

 of Mr. Wallace, which possess one brow-tyne and two or three 

 other tynes, such as the Axis, Rusa, Cervus taevanus, and C. mant- 

 churicus. 



A. Cervus perrieri. (Figs. 3 & 4.) 



Cervus perrieri, Croizet and Jobert, op. cit. pis. iv., v., vi., viii. 

 figs. 9, 10 ; Pomel, Cat. Method, p. 104. 



C. issiodorensis, Pomel, Cat. Method, p. 105 ; Gervais, Paleont. 

 p. 147. 



The type specimens of the two forms of Deer from Mont Perrier, 

 described under the name of C. perrieri, are preserved in the Jardin 

 des Plantes at Paris, and are sufficiently perfect to offer a basis for 

 defining one species at least of the Pliocene Cervidse, which hitherto, 

 owing to the unfortunate accident, before alluded to, of Messrs. Croizet 

 and Jobert's figures of the Cervidae being without descriptions, have 

 been very imperfectly known. 



Definition. — A splendid frontlet bearing two antlers nearly per- 

 fect offers the following characters : — Antler (fig. 3) round, grooved, 

 and possessed of four tynes — a brow, B, and a second, D, and two 

 terminal, C, E, which form a fork; pedicle short; burr, A, stout 

 and nearly at right angles to beam ; brow-tyne round, given off 

 close to burr, nearly at right angles ; beam nearly straight between 

 brow-tyne and second tyne, flattened at basement of latter, thence 

 it sweeps backwards to basement of tyne E, which, with tyne C, 

 constitutes the crown ; tynes D, C, and E are round, and form acute 

 angles with the beam, the angle being more open in the case of D 

 than of C and E. 



On comparing this antler with that of Cervus issiodorensis (fig. 4) 

 in the same Museum the above definition applies with but slight 

 modifications, which are usually met with in antlers belonging to 

 the same species. In the latter the grooves are not so deep ; there 

 is a web, or process of antler, at the interspace between the brow- 

 tyne, B, and the beam ; the second tyne, D, is set on at a slightly 

 sharper angle, and the beam forms two gentle curvatures, which are 

 not so strong as in the antler of C. perrieri. 



