EUROPEAN MIOCENE AND PLIOCENE STRATA. 409 



It will be seen from this description and the measurements that 

 these two so-called species are really merely individual variations 

 of one species, for which I would retain the name of C. perrieri. 



I detected antlers belonging to this species preserved in the col- 

 lection (examined in 1866) of Mr. Dowson at Beccles, Suffolk, com- 

 prising basal and coronal parts, one of the former being identical 

 with the variety C. issiodorensis. The locality, however, of these 

 fragments is uncertain, and it is just as likely that they may have 

 been derived from the Pliocenes of France as from the same horizon 

 in the Crags of Norfolk and Suffolk. 



A perfect antler with four tynes, in the Museum at Florence, ob- 

 tained from the Val d'Arno, which I examined in 1877, also belongs 

 to this form, which therefore is common to the Pliocenes of France 

 and Italy. 



Living Representative. — This peculiar type of antler, with four 

 tynes, is identical in form with that of the Cervus taevanus of the 

 island of Formosa, which Dr. Sclater has figured and described from 

 the animals living in the Gardens of the Zoological Society in Re- 

 gent's Park (Zool. Trans. 1870, p. 345, pis. xxxiii., xxxiv.). It is 

 also identical with that of Cervus mantchuricus figured and described 

 by Dr. Sclater in the same essay ( = Pseudaxis mantchuricus of 

 British Museum Catalogue, which relates to a young animal with a 

 three-tyned antler). 



B. Cervus pardinensis. 



Cervus pardinensis, Croizet and Jobert, op. cit. pi. xi; Pomel, op. 

 cit. p. 106 ; Gervais, op. cit. p. 140. 



The type specimen bearing this name is in the Jardin des Plantes 

 in Paris, and consists of a shed antler, perfect with the exception 

 of the tips of the three tynes, from Pardines, Mont Perrier. 



Definition. — It possesses the following characters: — Antler (fig. 5) 

 grooved, round, but slightly curved, and possessed of three tynes j 

 burr (A) stout and oblique to long axis of beam ; brow-tyne (B) basal, 

 short, round, and springing at an acute angle; brow-tyne angle 

 webbed ; second tyne (D) forming a forked crown, smaller than 

 third, which it joins at an acute angle ; coronal angle webbed. 



Measurements (inches). 



C. pardinensis (Jardin 

 des Plantes, 1874). 



Total length from burr 22*0 



Circumference of base of antler 4*7 



Burr to fork 2*8 



Brow-tyne to coronal fork 11*0 



This form of antler seems to me to be closely related to that of 

 Cervus perrieri, and it is very possible that it is a younger antler 

 of that species, related to it as the young Cervus {Pseudaocis of Gray) 

 mantchuricus in the British Museum with three tynes is related to 



Q.J.G.S. No. 134. 2e 



