410 W. BOYD DAWKINS ON THE DEER OF THE 



the older animal with four tynes figured by Dr. Sclater, and living 

 in the Zoological Gardens, London, in 1870. It is evident, from 

 the history of antler-development in the round-antlered Deer, that 

 Cervus perrieri must have had an antler with two and three tynes 

 before it arrived at the number of four, or just such an antler as 

 this in question. Por these reasons, and although the brow-tyne is 

 set on at a smaller angle than in the type specimen of Cervus per- 

 rieri, I feel inclined to view C. pardinensis as a variety and not a 

 distinct species. All these three antlers (figs. 3-5) are found in the 

 same Pliocene strata at Mont Perrier. Nevertheless it must not be 

 forgotten that Deer of the Axis and Eusa type possessing this form 

 of three-tyned antler live in the Oriental Region along with those 

 possessing four-tyned antlers, C. taevanus and C. mantchuricus, and 

 that therefore it is possible that C. pardinensis may be a distinct 

 species from 0. perrieri. Por this reason the name is retained in 

 this contribution to the history of the Cervidse. 



C. Cervus etueriarum, Croizet and Jobert. (Pig- 6.) 



Cervus etueriarum, Croizet and Jobert, op. cit. pi. vi. figs. 1 & 2, 

 and pis. vii. & viii. ; Gervais, op. cit. p. 148. 

 C. rusoides, Pomel, op. cit. p. 106. 

 C. stylodus, Bravard, MSS. No. 182. 

 C. peyrollensis, Bravard, MSS. 



The antlers (including one of the typical specimens of Croizet and 

 Jobert preserved in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes at Paris, 

 and referable to the above species or form) are all small, and are as 

 closely allied to Cervus pardinensis as the Axis is to the Rusa. It 

 is, however, safer, in the present imperfect state of our knowledge, 

 to keep them separate. 



Definition. — Antlers (fig. 6) possessed of a graceful double curva- 

 ture, and with three tynes ; grooved basally ; burr at right angles 

 to long axis of pedicle ; pedicle short ; brow-tyne (B) set on at an 

 acute angle, which approaches in some specimens a right angle, 

 round; second tyne (D) round; fork of crown webbed, acute-angled 

 in some, right-angled in others. 



The antlers which possess these characters I have met with in 

 the Jardin des Plantes from Mont Perrier, and from the Pliocenes 

 of the Yal d'Arno, from which place those in the British Museum 

 (Nos. 28833 & 28834) were obtained by Mr. Pentland. I have 

 also observed the same form in the Museum at Lyons in 1873 

 from Chagny (Saone et Loire), as well as in the Museum at 

 Florence. 



The series of antlers in the British Museum obtained from Pey- 

 rolles by M. Bravard, and named Cervus peyrollensis and C. stylodus, 

 are undistmguishable from those of C. etueriarum (Nos. 34516 and 

 34521, 3, 6, 7, 8 of the Museum Catalogue). 



Living Representative. —The Cervus etueriarum is closely allied to 

 the Axis, Chetul, or Spotted Deer of India, some varieties of which 



