528 A. C. EAMSAY AND J. GEIKIE ON 



exposed. There we see a considerable mass of red agglomerate, 

 quite unstratified, resting upon a bench of limestone, from which it 

 is separated to some extent by a thin layer of sand and well-rounded 

 pebbly limestone-conglomerate. In this agglomerate, at its base, we 

 detected some fragments of mammalian bones. The platform sloped 

 gently outwards, as shown in the accompanying section (fig. 11). 



There can be little doubt that, could we obtain vertical sections of 

 the agglomerates which cover the flanks of the Rock in many places, 

 similar benches and terraces with superimposed marine deposits 

 would be found underneath them, as, for example, at the King's and 

 Queen's Lines, and along the base of the broken cliff that extends 

 from the Moorish Wall south towards the Mount, a cliff which is 

 shown in profile in Section III. 



The only other masses of agglomerate to be mentioned occur on the 

 steep slopes at the North Front and at Catalan and Sandy Bays. At 

 the North Front the slopes are composed principally of loose debris 

 and sand; here and there, however, this debris is consolidated into 

 agglomerate. The long steep slopes that sweep down from the 

 Middle Hill and the Signal Station to the shore are made up in large 

 measure of blown sand ; but heavy masses of limestone -agglomerate 

 peer above the sand, especially behind Catalan and a little south of 

 Sandy Bay. The only rock visible along the shore between Catalan 

 Bay and Sandy Bay is limestone-agglomerate. 



Most of the agglomerates now described are certainly of more 

 recent date than the wide-spread sheet of the same kind of rock at 

 Buena Yista and Eosia, and possibly the same is true of all. At 

 all events there is no perfectly conclusive evidence to show 

 that any of them are older than the marine platforms at Europa 

 and lower levels. They all exhibit marked appearances, however, 

 of having been long subjected to atmospheric erosion ; and the evi- 

 dence in favour of their having been formed under cold climatic con- 

 ditions is hardly less strong in their case than in that of the older 

 masses at Buena Yista. It is impossible to examine the agglomerates 

 near the Governor's Cottage, or those which overlie the calcareous 

 sandstones at Monkey's-Cave Road, or the similar accumulations at 

 the Prince's Lines, without being convinced that their formation 

 must have taken place a long time ago, and that they are now no 

 longer accreting. The great blocks and heaps of debris that form 

 the agglomerate near the Governor's Cottage, and which extend out- 

 wards from the base of the Windmill-Hill plateau for 250 feet at 

 least, can hardly owe their origin to the comparatively feeble action 

 which the subaerial forces at present exert. 



We have described certain deposits of calcareous sandstone which 

 occur on the eastern side of the promontory. These sandstones lie 

 close under the cliffs, and are remarkable for the presence, here and 

 there, in their upper portions, of angular blocks of limestone. None 

 of these blocks or fragments showed any appearance of having been 

 rolled about in water. They seem to have been dropped into the 

 sand when that was soft and yielding, and to have been afterwards 

 gradually covered up. In other places, as at No. 4 Europa Advance 



