J. G. H. GODFREY ON THE GEOLOGY OF JAPAN. 555 



vince of Bungo, numerous eroded cavities filled with stanniferous 

 gravel containing from 0*3 to 0*5 per cent, of tin are found in crys- 

 talline limestone. 



Another locality where tin-ore has been raised is Taniyania,in Sat- 

 suma ; and the ore is contained there in veins running E. to W. and 

 traversing a porphyritic rock, probably rhyolite. These veins vary 

 considerably in width, and are composed chiefly of quartz and iron- 

 pyrites, in which occasionally bunches of tin-ore are met with. The 

 estimated total production per annum is 7-g- tons. 



(i) Sulphur. — Two varieties of sulphur are found in Japan : the 

 first is usually yellow or brown, derived from the condensation of vol- 

 canic fumes ; and the second is of a more whitish colour and finer 

 grain, and has been precipitated from the water of volcanic springs. 

 Localities for the occurrence of both varieties are the numerous 

 extinct and a few partially active volcanoes, in the neighbourhood 

 of which hot sulphurous springs often appear at the surface. No 

 reliable data exist as regards the annual production of sulphur and 

 of the minerals mentioned hereafter. 



(J) Antimony. — Antimony is rather scarce. In the island of 

 Amakusa (prov. Higo), veins varying from a few inches to 2 feet 

 occur between sandstones and schists belonging to the coal-bearing 

 group, and the ore appears therein in thin but massive streaks. 



Another more important locality is Ojoin (prov. Iyo), where an 

 irregular deposit of antimony occurs at the junction of a volcanic 

 breccia with the metamorphic rocks. This irregular deposit is more 

 or less flat, and varies in thickness from 2 to 18 inches. 



(7c) QuicJcsilver. — No quicksilver is produced in Japan, but ores 

 of the same and native quicksilver are found in two localities. In 

 the neighbourhood of Sendai, province Bikuzen, very thin veins of 

 cinnabar of no economic value occur occasionally in a whitish vol- 

 canic clay- rock. 



A rather remarkable occurrence of quicksilver is that at Shizu, in 

 the province of Hirado, where several layers of sandstone, about 

 1 foot thick, belonging to the coal-bearing group, are found impreg- 

 nated with drops of metallic quicksilver, and at the same time 

 traversed by minute veins of cinnabar. 



(I) Kaolin and Salt. — With the exception of the extreme north, 

 nearly every province of Japan has extensive deposits of kaolin, de- 

 rived from the decomposition of granitic and some volcanic rocks. 



Salt is found as an ingredient of several hot springs; but the 

 amount present is so small as to render it more economical to pre- 

 pare salt from the sea-water, which is most extensively practised in 

 the southern provinces of Japan. 



