594 E. ETHEEIDGE ON THE PALAEONTOLOGY OF THE 



being fairly represented. Deep-sea forms (non- articulate genera) are 

 absent in both the Silurian and Carboniferous rocks ; but doubtless 

 the difficulty in collecting from ice-covered horizontal areas prevented 

 their being observed in any quantity. It is, however, evident that 

 a large Brachiopod fauna exists both in the Upper Silurian and Car- 

 boniferous series as far north as 82° 43'. 



Peilden Isthmus abounds in Carboniferous species ; a rich harvest 

 could be obtained from this locality, and doubtless the Devonian 

 forms could be largely added to from the same area. 



Genus Pentameeus, Sowerby, 1813. 



Pentameri were brought home by Dr. Sutherland from Wellington 

 Channel, and found by him at Cornwallis Island. Salter referred the 

 specimens to Pentamerus conchidium (Dalm.), the same shell being no- 

 ticed by DeVerneuil in Geol. Euss. 1. 1. f. 2. This shell much resem- 

 bles the well-known Pentamerus Knightii of the Aymestry Limestone. 



The Coppinger collection from Offley Island and Bessels Bay con- 

 tains two, if not three, species certainly not referable to Dalman's 

 Pentamerus conchidium. One form is allied to the Pentamerus 

 galeatus, Dalm., of our Upper Silurian rocks, but is not so tumid, 

 and is evidently a smoother species. 



Dr. Coppinger also collected at Petermann Piord, in talus on the 

 south-west glacier, on the floe, and under cliffs on the north-east 

 shore of the Piord, numerous specimens allied to Pentamerus or 

 Anastropliia Verneuili, Hall, from the Lower Helderberg beds 

 (our Wenlock and Ludlow groups). With these Pentameri there 

 occur (in the talus) Heliolites megastomus (M'Coy) and Favosites 

 gothlandicus (Linn.), abundantly. Petermann Piord is upon the 

 west coast of Greenland, therefore in all probability these species 

 are derived from higher land to the east in Greenland ; the species 

 would seem to indicate that they are from a higher horizon than 

 those collected at Offley Island. Not being, however, found in situ 

 we cannot arrive at any just conclusions as to their stratigraphical 

 position. Eighteen species of Pentameri occur in the American 

 rocks, and ten in the British Islands ; Bohemia has twenty-two. I 

 record one new species from Offley Island, collected by Dr. Coppinger. 



Pentameeus Coppingeei, Ether. (PI. XXV. figs. 2, 3.) 



This shell, from Offley Island, I am not able to refer to any known 

 species, either in America or Europe, although it resembles Penta- 

 merus galeatus (Dalm.), from our Wenlock series ; it is, however, 

 much more elongated than Pentamerus galeatus, and has a less in- 

 curved umbonal region to the ventral valve. Shell somewhat elon- 

 gated, longer than wide, sides subparallel. * 



Ventral valve gibbous, much arched near the umbonal region, 

 about as deep as the dorsal valve, with a shallow mesial fold com- 

 mencing about the upper half of the valve. 



Dorsal valve slightly gibbous; umbo incurved, less so than in 

 Pentamerus galeatus ; umbonal space wide; the area between the two 



