WHITE-FACED TREE DUCK 119 



been recorded as one of the commonest ducks and as breeding in western Gran Chaco (Kerr, 1901). 



Von Berlepsch (1887) has reported it from the Lower Pilcomayo. Northward it is _ .. 



found throughout the interior of Brazil, in Sao Paulo (H. and R. von Ihering, 1907), 



Minas Geraes (Reinhardt, 1870, el al.), in Bahia (Wied, 1832), in Goyaz (von Pelzeln, 1868-71), 



throughout Matto Grosso (von Pelzeln, 1868-71; H. and R. von Ihering, 1907), in Amazonas on 



the Rio Branco (von Pelzeln, 1868-71), and eastward in Para, on Marajo, and in Maranhao (Goeldi, 



1894-1900). 



On the north coast it appears to be common in all the Guianas. The Musee des Pays-Bas has a 



specimen from Cayenne, and F. and A. Penard (1908-10) state that it is abundant and that it breeds 



in the interior of Dutch Guiana. It was found common also in British Guiana (R. _ . 



Guianas 

 Schomburgk, 1848; C. B. Dawson, 1916), and Whitely (Salvin, 1886) met it on the 



Rupurumi River. It seems to be less common in Venezuela, where it was found by Ernst (1877). 



Beebe (1909), however, saw it only twice during a recent trip on the Upper Rio Guan- „ . 



aco in northeastern Venezuela. According to Sclater and Salvin (1876) the species 



extends west to the Magdalena River in Colombia. 



The White-faced Tree Duck is a characteristic species in Africa, where it is found everywhere 

 south of the Sahara, excepting Cape Colony and southern German West Africa. In the west it is 

 known to occur as far north as Senegal (J. and E. Verreaux, 1851) and Gambia (Ren- Africa: 

 dall, 1892) in which region it is said to be common in various localities. It is found also Senegal 

 along the entire Guinea coast, in Portuguese Guinea at Bissao (Pimenta, - /wZe Reichenow, Gambia 

 1900) in Sierra Leone, whence it has been recorded from the Karine District (Kelsall, _ ., . 

 1914) where it is common at Rotifunk (Kemp, 1905), and in Liberia at Robertsport, at 

 Marfa, and on the Sugary River, where it apparently breeds (Biittikofer, 1885). I have been unable 

 to find any records for the Ivcry Coast, though this is unquestionably due rather to the paucity 

 of information than to the absence of the species. It has been recorded from the Gold Coast by 

 Pel (Hartlaub, 1855) and has also been found there in the Fanti District (Blissett, ,/icfe r ., _, 

 Reichenow, 1900; Ussher, 1874) and at Accra where it breeds (Reichenow and Liihder, Tofrolanrt 

 1873). From Togoland it has also been reported (Reichenow, 1897), having been found 

 chiefly in the interior; at Kratschi (Reichenow, 1897), and in Mangu (Reichenow, 1899). Its presence 

 in Dahomey must still be presumed, owing to lack of information, but there is reason- „. 

 ably full evidence of its status in Nigeria. From that Colony it has been recorded from 

 Loko, Dochibbu, Kaura, and Sokoto (Hartert, 1886) and also from Zaria (Hartert, 1915), as well as 

 from the Benue River (Mockler-Ferryman, 1892), where it is very common (B. Alexander, 1907). 

 Denham and Clapperton (1826) have recorded it from the Lake Chad region in the interior. In 

 Camerun it has been found on the Wuri River (Reichenow, 1874) and in Hanu (Bouvier, 1875). 



Eastward the species undoubtedly occurs throughout the Upper French Congo, for it is found in 

 the Sudan and on the Nile north about as far as Khartum (von Heuglin, 1869; A. E. Brehm, 1857). 

 There seems to be much movement according to meteorological conditions, and the birds „ , 

 are apparently found about Khartum only in winter and spring (A. L. Butler, 1905). 

 Many travelers have observed the species on the White and Blue Niles (von Heuglin, 1873; A. E. 

 Brehm, 1857; A. L. Butler, 1905; Witherby, 1901; Jagerskibld, 1904), as well as in the Senaar and 

 Kordofan regions (Hartmann, fide Reichenow, 1900; von Heuglin, 1873; Strickland, 1850) and com- 

 monly south to Bahr-el-Ghazal (A. L. Butler, 1905, 1908). Ogilvie-Grant (1902) has recorded it from 

 Kaka, and Sharpe (1884) from Kutchugali, in the same general region. 



In Abyssinia also the species is frequently seen. Riippell (1845) met with it on Lake Tana, Salva- 

 dori (1884, 1888, 1888a) has repeatedly recorded it on the basis of observations made and specimens 

 taken by Antinori and Raggazzi at Lake Cialalaka and other localities in Shoa. It was ., 

 found at Gura, southern Abyssinia, by Ruspoli (Salvadori, 1894), but there seems to be 

 only one record of its occurrence in British Somaliland, namely, at Berbera (Shelley, 1885); and it 



