WANDERING TREE DUCK 141 



Adult Female: Similar, but slightly smaller. 



Young est Fibst Plumage: Somewhat resembles the adult, but the mantle and scapulars are darker 

 and lack the broad pale edges to the feathers, so that these regions have a more uniform appearance. 

 The lower surface at first lacks the red color and is pale grayish or light fawn. The tail is nearly 

 black. The wing-coverts have only a little chestnut on the lesser series. 



Young in Down: Not examined. 



DISTRIBUTION 



The present species is practically confined to the East Indies and Australia, and very little is known 

 as to its breeding and wintering localities. From what dates we at present possess, it appears that 

 the species is not migratory to any extent, and that its breeding is controlled by the pi-,- . 

 amount and distribution of the rainfall. In the Philippines the species is common in 

 favorable localities throughout the islands and is frequently met with in large flocks (Worcester and 

 Bourns, 1898). From R. C. McGregor's Manual (1909), in which all Philippine records are collected, 

 it appears that the species is found from the extreme north on Camiguin southward through 

 Luzon (Cuming, British Museum; Worcester and Bourns, 1898; R. C. McGregor, 1909; and others), 

 Catanduanes (Ogilvie-Grant, 1895), Mindoro (Worcester and Bourns, 1898; R. C. McGregor, 1909), 

 Ticao (R. C. McGregor, 1909), Sibuyan (R. C. McGregor, 1909), Masbate (Worcester and Bourns, 

 1898), Samar (Steere, 1890; Ogilvie-Grant, 1897), Negros (Clarke, fide R- C. McGregor, 1909), Panay 

 (Worcester and Bourns, 1898), Bantayan (R. C. McGregor, 1909), Leyte (Everett, 1877-78), Gui- 

 maras (Steere, 1890), Cebu (Everett, 1877-78), Bopol (Everett, 1877-78; R. C. McGregor, 1909), 

 Sequijor (Steere, 1890; Worcester and Bourns, 1898) and Mindanao (Everett, 1877-78; Worcester 

 and Bourns, 1898) and apparently it nests also at Laguna de Bay (R. C. McGregor, 1909). 



It is difficult to say how widely this species is distributed in Borneo. About all the records I have 

 been able to find are for the southeastern part of the island, where it appears to be very common at 

 Bangkau (Grabowsky, 1885) and at Banjermassing (W. Blasius, 1884; Mottley, 1863; „ 

 Vorderman, 1887). Snelleman (1887) records the species as common at Solok and 

 especially at Alahan Pandjang, near Danau di Atas, Sumatra. Hartert (1902) states on the authority 

 of Hagen that the birds are very common in the island, but these statements are not yet sufficiently 

 proved. Very probably Dendrocygna javanica is the bird meant (see also Robinson and Kloss, Journ. 

 Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 8, p. 118, 1918). At any rate the species is probably found only 

 in the southeast part of the island. In Java it appears to be common, especially on the _ 

 coasts about Batavia (Vorderman, 1884; Koningsberger, 1915; Wallace, Ley den 

 Museum). It has also been recorded from the islands of Bali (Stresemann, Novit. Zoological, vol. 20, 

 p. 333, 1913) and Sumba (Hartert, 1896). It also seems to be common throughout Celebes from 

 Minahassa and Tondano in the northeast, southward along the Gulf of Tomini at _, . . 

 Gorontalo, Pagoneat and Limbotto, at Lura Lake and in the southwest at Macassar 

 (Meyer, 1879; W. Blasius, 1886; Forsten, Leyden Museum; von Rosenberg, Leyden Museum). Ac- 

 cording to Meyer and Wiglesworth (1898) the species is resident on Celebes, and was found breeding 

 at Paquatt on the Gulf of Tomini by von Rosenberg. 



From the Moluccas the species has been recorded only from Amboina (Finsch, Neu Guinea, p. 183, 



1865). It has also been found in East Timor (Wallace, British Museum). InNewGuinea ._ . 



jVTo1iicc3.s 

 it appears to be unknown from the Dutch possessions though it has been found in 



Kaiser-Wilhelm's Land (Meyer, 1894) and seems to be quite abundant in British o umea 



New Guinea, where it has been taken on the Fly River and at Bioto (d'Albertis, fide 



Salvadori, 1882), on the Laloki River (Goldie, fide Salvadori, 1882; Sharpe, 1877) and at Port Moresby 



(Ramsay, 1879). Far eastern records for the species are those of Marie (1877) and of the Layards (1882) 



