10 BRYOLOGY OF NEW ZEALAND. 
Islands, _ usually known in its robust and dense erect-leaved form, 
should ecognized in some of the slender forms, with leaves more or less 
distant oo 9 strongly falcate, which occurred in various parts of New 
Zealand and Australasia—more especially by New Zealand botanists who 
had little or no access to the collestions where the types of these and other 
antarctic plants were preserv 
This, however, is Pe biodly the case, and not only with D. setosum, 
but with others of the genus, and accounts for a considerable proportion of 
the synonymy which has grown up. Asa notable example of this, it may be 
mentioned that what may be looked upon as the type specimen of Ducra- 
num setosum H. f. & W. (Campbell Islands, No. 266, in Herb. Hooker.) 
consists of two diecast forms, one a slender form which was at one time 
separated by the authors as var. attenwatum. 
A further difficulty in the study of the group arises from the excessive 
mixture that occurs in some of our herbaria. Examples of this will 
be apparent further on. A notable instance has taken place with D. leu- 
colomoides : Mitten received what purported to he part of the type 
gathering, but was entirely D. fasciatum, a totally different moss; this 
led to his placing D. leucolomoides under the synonymy of D. jasciatum. 
by figures of those species which are here published for the first time, as 
well as of some which have not hitherto been figured. I have for the most 
part relied on the character of the subula and the areolation of the upper 
part of the leaf. In all the species figured the subula will be found depicted 
on the same scale throughout ( x 20), and the areolation (also on a uniform 
scale, x 200) taken at a portion of the leaf approximately answering to 
the basal part of the subula figured. I have attempted to give a compara- 
tive idea of the width of the nerve in the latter figures by showing half the 
width of the nerve in all cases where the whole nerve is not indicated. 
It need scarcely be pointed out, however, that too rigid an interpretation 
must not be given either to the figures or to the characters given in the 
ey 
of the armature may be indicated in a single figure, but allowance must 
always be made for the variation which these characters undergo. This 
is especially marked in the thickening of the cell-walls and si degree of 
porosity exhibited, which may vary considerably in the sa 
Thus the type specimen of D. Billardieri, a species specially pre ec 
by the porosity of the cell-walls throughout the leaf, has the porosity so 
obscured and indistinct in many leaves that it might easily be overlooked. 
_ altogether. 
I have to acknowledge gratefully the assistance I have repeived from 
the authorities of the National Herbaria at a and South Kensington, 
as well as of New York, for material used in this study; and especially 
by him in the “Genera Muscorum Frondosorum’”’—no descriptions or notes 
are earns | to the type specimens in his herbarium, sea I have drawn up 
unde: see 
paper through the press; and to Mr. Edgar R. Waite, Curator of the Can- 
terbury Museum, in sae me with the loan of R. Brown’s herbarium. 
