JANUARY, 1916.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 13 
character is correlated with the absence of the two normal anthers, or 
rather to their being confluent with the petals. The variety originally 
appeared in the collection of W. M. Appleton, Esq., Weston-super-Mare, 
over twenty years ago, and its permanence has long been proved. 
The great extension in the number of winter-blooming Cypripediums is 
primarily due to the crossing of C. insigne with the allied species and their 
derivatives, and may be said to have begun with C, Arthurianum (p. 9, fig. 5), 
which was raised by Messrs. Veitch from C. insigne X Fairrieanum, and 
flowered for the first time in 1874. Four years later they added C. nitens 
(villosum X insigne Maulei), and after an interval of six years C. Leeanum 
(insigne Maulei X Spicerianum) followed. C. Spicerianum (p. 9, fig. 3) had 
only been described five years previously, and its possibilities as a parent 
were at once seen. This particular cross has been many times repeated, 
and shows much variation, and C. Leeaum giganteum (p. 9, fig. I) is an 
improved form which was raised by Messrs. Heath & Son and flowered 
in 1890. 
Besidés the crosses with C. insigne direct, the allied species have been 
crossed bctween themselves, giving C. Lathamianum (Spicerianum xX 
villosum), C. Niobe (Spicerianum xX Fairrieanum), C. Schlesingerianum 
(insigne X Boxallii), and several others, and these have been again united 
with C. insigne and its hybrids. Thus, C. Spicerianum x Arthurianum 
produced C. Minos (p. g, fig. 6), and C. Spicerianum xX nitens Hyeanum 
gave the large and polymorphic series classed under C. aureum, while C. 
Leeanum X Boxalii yielded another varied assemblage classed under C, 
Hera (see O.R., xi. pp. 71-73, fig. 16-18). The list could easily be prolonged. 
A much-needed accession of colour was given by utilising: some of the 
summer-flowering species, or their hybrids. For example, C.. Harrisianum 
(barbatum xX villosum), the first hybrid in the genus, was crossed with C. 
insigne Maulei, producing C. cenanthum, which flowered as early as 1876, 
and this in turn was crossed with C. Spicerianum, giving C. Tityus (p. 9, 
fig. 4), which may be a form of the earlier C. Figaro, though the parentage 
of that is said not to have been certainly recorded. C. cenanthum, besides 
being very attractive in itself, has been a very useful parent, for, united with 
C. nitens, it gave C. triumphans, in 1893, with C. insigne, C. Milo, in 1894, 
and with C. Fairrieanum, C. Baron-Schréder, in 1896, and somewhat later 
its handsome varieties Germaine Opoix and Gaston Bultel. Again, C. 
Baron-Schréder X insigne gave C. Thalia, another very handsome hybrid. 
One might follow other lines of development. For example, C. 
Leeanum re-crossed with C. Spicerianum produced C. Bruno, and with C. 
insigne gave the variable C. Simonii, better known under its later name of 
C. Actzeus. When C. insigne Sander was used with C. Leeanum the result 
was a very beautiful yellow form, known as C, Actzus Bianca. C. Actzeus 
