24 me. h. w. monckton on the [March 19 13.. 



If we look at the col from the Solvorn side, looking towards the- 

 lake, we see a high cliff with a flat marshy field at its foot. On 

 the face of this cliff there are marks of the former existence of 

 a large waterfall ; but no water flows there now, nor can it do so 

 again unless the ice should advance and once more fill the Hafslo 

 Lake, up to at least the level of the col. 



A little nearer Solvorn we come to another big step downwards 

 (marked 'Lower Cliff' in fig. 2, p. 22), and here once more recur 

 signs of a big waterfall. Again we see a fiat at the foot of the cliff 

 with fields and woodland ; and I may mention that in one of the 

 woods there is a small standing stone or bau fasten, with other 

 stones around it, a relic of early times. 



The iceworn rock shows clearly that a glacier has flowed once 

 or possibly often down this valley ; but up to now we have seen 

 very little moraine-material. We soon, however, find it in plenty - r 

 in fact, a vast mass of sand, gravel, and stones large and small 

 occupies the lower part of the Solvorn Valley almost to the edge of 

 the fjord. I suggest that the foot of the ice halted for a considerable- 

 time in the space between the 'Lower Cliff' and Solvorn (see fig. 2, 

 p. 22) and that the sand and gravel, as well as some big boulders- 

 which are seen here and there, are in fact the terminal moraine 

 of this glacier. This sand and gravel form a terrace, the surface 

 of which is for the most part cultivated, and Solvorn Church and 

 many houses stand upon it. It slopes rather steeply towards the- 

 fjord, with small level flats in places. The new road from Solvorn 

 to Hafslo at first follows a rather deep valley, cut in this terrace by 

 an existing stream which has a drainage-area independent of the 

 Hafslo Lake, from which we are now at some distance. Half a 

 mile from the fjord the road ascends the side of the rock-valley by 

 a series of zigzags ; and on the north of the road opposite these 

 zigzags there is a pit in the terrace which affords a good section, 

 showing sand and small gravel, well and evenly stratified, with a 

 high dip towards the fjord. This stratification proves deposit in 

 water which must have been the water of the fjord ; and, if I am 

 right in thinking that the terrace-deposit is a terminal moraine, 

 the evidence shows that the foot of the ice rested here at a time 

 when the sea stood at a level of at least the top of the terrace, 

 estimated by Dr. Reusch as being 426 feet above the sea. 



I know little to show the date of the rock-valleys of which I have 

 been speaking, but am inclined to think that the Solvorn Yalley,. 

 which belongs to the series at right angles to the Silurian belt, is 

 probably older than the valley which runs from the Hafslo Lake- 

 to Sogndal, etc., along the line of the Silurian rocks. However 

 that may be, it is clear that the moraine-material at Solvorn was 

 brought across the Hafslo Lake by ice, and was placed in its 

 present position at the time when the sea-level stood 426 feet 

 higher than now. 



The topmost marine limit shown by the terraces increases as we- 

 go inland from the mouth of the Sogne Fjord ; that is, from west 



