142 dk. a. smith woodwaed : DESCEiPTicw op [March 1913, 



ridges are subdivided into round digitations, seems to belong to the 

 hinder part of a molar just coming into wear; while the smaller 

 piece (figs. 3 & 3 a), perhaps of the same tooth, represents the much- 

 worn middle or anterior portion, with the enamel very wavy in 

 section. Both specimens fortunately exhibit a complete valley in 

 cross-section (figs. 2 a & 3 a), and so allow the angle of divergence 

 of the ridges to be determined. In the hinder fragment this angle 

 measures about 20°, in the other a little more ; and in each case 

 the walls of the valley are divergent to the summit, not parallel 

 in the upper part. The valleys are thus very wide in proportion to 

 their depth, and the tooth evidently belongs to that primitive 

 section of the genus Mephas to which Falconer gave the name of 

 Stegodon. 1 It cannot be referred to the Upper Pliocene Elephas 

 meridionaUs, because in this species the valleys are deeper in pro- 

 portion to their width, while the ridges are more plate-like and 

 parallel in their upper portion. The new specimen is, therefore, of 

 an earlier Pliocene type, which is best known from the Siwalik 

 Formation in India, and has not hitherto been found in Western 

 Europe. 2 



Hippopotamus (PI. XXI, figs. 4, 5, & 5 a). — The broken middle 

 portion of a left lower molar (probably m. 3) of Hippopotamus (fig. 4) 

 agrees well in size and pattern with many of the corresponding 

 teeth of the ordinary II. ampMbius, and may probably be referred 

 to this species. It is only peculiar in exhibiting a small tubercle 

 in the valley on the outer side — an addition which occasionally 

 occurs in more than one species. There is also an example of the 

 first lower premolar (figs. 5 & 5 a), with the usual undivided 

 root. Its crown bears the characteristic fine rugosity, with a 

 trace of the cingulum at the base. Both these teeth are much 

 worn by mastication, and they may have belonged to the same 

 individual. 



Ceevt/s elaphtts (PI. XXI, figs. 6 & 6 a). — The base of a large left 

 antler of the common red deer is remarkable for its smoothness, 

 only slight traces of the usual longitudinal furrowing being visible 

 near the burr, which is coarse and prominent. The bone is flattened 

 antero-posteriorly, the hinder face being especially flat, and the 

 plane curving forwards at the origin of the lower brow-tyne. On 

 its anterior face (fig. 6) a rounded longitudinal ridge rises near the 

 outer margin upwards to a thickening at the origin of the upper 

 brow-tyne. The diameter of the base of the beam within the burr 

 is about 70 mm., and the height to the origin of the second brow- 

 tyne is 120 mm. 



The collection also includes the proximal end of a metatarsal of 

 Cervus split longitudinally (see p. 121). 



1 Q. J. G. S. vol. xxi (1865) p. 258. 



2 A form of Proboscidean tooth nearly as primitive as that from Piltdown 

 has been recorded from the Pliocene of Lower Austria ; see G. Schlesinger, 

 Monatsbl. Verein. Landeskund. Niederosterr. 1911, No. 16. 



