Vol. 69.] THE HTJMAN SKULL, ETC. FROM PILTDOWN. 143 



Eqtjtjs. — A first or second left upper molar of an aged horse 

 cannot be specifically determined. The tooth is as broad as long, 

 its enamel is scarcely crimped, and the extent of its inner column 

 is slightly less than half of the antero-posterior measurement of 

 the tooth. 



Castor fiber (PI. XXI, figs. 7, 7 a, & 8). — A lower molar and a 

 lower fourth premolar of a beaver, referable to the genus Castor, 

 agree exactly with the corresponding teeth of the Pleistocene and 

 existing species, C. fiber. They exhibit no plication of the enamel 

 such as occurs in the Upper Pliocene 0. plicidens. 1 



Of these mammalian remains, the fragment of tooth of Mastodon 

 is so much more waterwora than the others that it may be regarded 

 without hesitation as having been derived from some older deposit. 

 The broken pieces of Stegodon must also have been extremely 

 battered by transport, if their fracture is really natural and not 

 due to the carelessness of workmen. It seems likely, therefore, that 

 these typically Pliocene fossils are of earlier date than the deposi- 

 tion of the Piltdown gravel. The teeth of Hippopotamus, however, 

 may be either Upper Pliocene or Pleistocene in age ; while the teeth 

 of Castor are most probably Pleistocene, and typical specimens of 

 Cervus elaphus have never hitherto been found below the Pleistocene. 

 Although, therefore, the mammalian remains do not determine the 

 age of the gravel with certainty, they tend to assign it to the 

 Pleistocene Epoch; and, when it is remembered that (as pointed 

 out by Mr. Dawson, p. 123) most of the contained 'Eoliths' are 

 waterwora, while the associated rude Paleolithic implements have 

 sharp edges, it seems more reasonable to date the deposit by the 

 latter than by the former. If, as the result of these considerations, 

 the gravel proves to have been formed in an early part of the 

 Pleistocene Epoch, the age of the human remains is also decided ; 

 for they are very little waterwora, and the skull and mandible 

 would not have occurred in close association if they had been 

 transported far from the spot at which they were originally 

 entombed. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATES XVIII-XXI. 



Plate XVIII. 



Eoanthropns dawsoni, gen. et sp. nov. ; from a gravel near Piltdown Common,. 

 Fletching (Sussex). 



Fig. 1. Restored model of skull, upper view. 



2. Do. do. do. front view. 



3. Do. do. do. left side view. 



4. Do. do. do. back view. 



[All the figures are of half the natural size, and the darkly-shaded parts 

 indicate the pieces of bone actually preserved.] 



1 C. I. Forsyth-Major, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1908, pp. 630-31, text-fig. 132. 



