Vol. 69.] FOSSIL FLORA OF THE PEMBROKESHIRE COALFIELD. 255- 



as we pass westwards from the neighbourhood of the Eastern 

 Cleddau, sandstones becoming more prominent at the expense of 

 shales and mudstones. 



In the coastal region around Little Haven, Broad Haven, etc., 

 the beds are greatly folded and overthrust from the south, and are 

 difficult to correlate with those farther east. The relation of the 

 Settlings Beds and the Falling-Cliff Beds, from both of which fossil 

 plants were obtained, one to the other and to the rest of the coal- 

 field, will be discussed later. 



It has already been mentioned that the strike of the beds in the 

 Nolton-JSrewgale district (except in the north) is for the most part 

 north and south, thus largely running parallel to the coast. The 

 highest beds are found on the coast in the neighbourhood of Rickets 

 Head ; and, as we pass inland, we cross successively beds of lower 

 and lower horizons. The beds of this district form a series which 

 is quite distinct from those of other areas of the coalfield. 



The shales of the coalfield are dark, sometimes markedly so, and 

 for the most part split up into small fragments. 



The earliest document that contains any material information 

 concerning the Coal Measures of Pembrokeshire, is an essay on 

 the 'History of Pembrokeshire' 1 left in manuscript in the year 

 1570 by Owen, but not published until 1796. This essay is 

 a work of the highest interest, as it is the earliest-known 

 example, in any language, of what can really be termed geological 

 investigation. Between the years 1806 and 1836 mention of 

 the coalfield was made chiefly by Martin,' 2 De La Beche, 3 Forster, 4 

 and Murchison. 5 



In the following decade the district was surveyed by the 

 Geological Survey, and the results were published in 1846 in a 

 memoir by De La Beche. Geological maps of Pembrokeshire on 

 the 1-inch scale (Sheets 38 & 40) were published in connexion with 

 this survey in 1845, the latter being revised in 1857. References 

 to the coalfield were made by Ramsay, 7 in a memoir which was alsa 

 published in 1846. 



Brief mention was made, by an anonymous writer, of a portion 

 of the coalfield in the ' Geologist ' 8 for 1862; and a description 

 of the South Wales Coalfield by Brown, in which the Pembroke- 

 shire portion is included, was published in 1874. 



The chief account of the coalfield in recent years, pending the 

 publication of the Geological Survey Memoirs, now in course of 

 preparation, is to be found in the ' Summaries of Progress ' 1( 

 for the years 1902 to 1909. An Index-Map of Pembrokeshire 



1 Owen (1796). The numerals in parentheses refer to the Bibliography, 

 §VII,p. 275. 



2 Martin (1806). 3 De La Beche (1826) pp. 17-20. 

 4 Forster (1831). 5 Murchison (1836). 



« De La Beche (1846) pp. 158-68, 221-27. 



7 Ramsay (1846). 8 Anon. (1862). 



9 Brown (1874). 10 Strahan (1903-10). 



