Vol. 69.] GEOLOGICAL HISTOItr OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 35& 



I do not know their exact locality, nor have I seen the rock that 

 contains them. In the report quoted) Prof. McKenny Hughes says 

 that the rock is almost entirely composed of silica, but that there 

 must have been originally much carbonate of lime. 



We see, then, that the few fossils found point to the Carboni- 

 ferous age of certain limestones and the Permian age of certain 

 shales. But the field-evidence in favour of the limestones and shales 

 belonging to one series is so strong, that we cannot accept the- 

 palseontological evidence without qualification. The fossils found 

 so far, in fact, have done no more than give a hint as to the age- 

 of the rocks : they may be Carboniferous or Permo-Carbonifcrous.. 

 Other evidence, unknown at the time when the fossils were de- 

 scribed, make it improbable that they are Permian. 



It is interesting to note that, in Sumatra, Dr. Yerbeek has- 

 described Fusulina limestone that is Carboniferous, as well as 

 'Culm.' 1 Wing Easton ~ also described 'Culm' and Carboniferous 

 Limestone in the Toba District. Prof, llothpletz 3 describes at 

 length fossils from Permian rocks in Timor and Potti. 



In Indo-China, pale -grey Permo -Carboniferous limestone is 

 found in Upper Tongking, 4 and Upper Carboniferous and Lower 

 Permian deposits in Tongking. 5 M. N. Mansuy, again, describes 

 fossils from Permo-Carboniferous limestones in Indo-China." 



There is no horizon in the Paub Series, then, that we can regard 

 as fixed ; but immediately above this series, in Perak, come the 

 glacial clays, which furnish a more valuable horizon on climatic 

 evidence than can be afforded by limited collections of fossils in 

 rocks far removed from Europe. It is but reasonable to suppose 

 that the great climatic change that took place towards the close of 

 the Palaeozoic Era affected what is now India, South Africa, and 

 Australia simultaneously, as geological time is measured. 7 The 

 Malayan glacial beds, then, may be correlated with the glacial beds 

 at the base of the Salt-Pange Productus Beds, with the Talchir 

 Group at the base of the Gondwana Series, and with the Australian 

 and South African glacial deposits. For purposes of correlation with 

 deposits in these countries the Malayan glacial clays can be re- 

 garded as a fixed horizon ; but, when we come to consider how they 



1 E. D. M. Verbeek, ' Topographiscbe & Geologische Beschrijving van een 

 Gedeelte van Sumatra's Westkust' Batavia, 1883, pp. 29, 240-47, 247-67. 



3 N. Wing Easton, 'Een Geologisebe Verkenning in de Toba-Landen' 

 Jaarb. Mijnw. Nederl. O.-I. vol. xxiii (1894) Wetenscb.-Gedeelte, pp. 126-28. 



3 A. Bothpletz, ' Die Perm-Trias & Jura-Formation auf Timor & Rotti im. 

 Indiseben Archipel' Ibid. pp. 12-62. 



4 G. Zeil, ' Contribution a l'Etude geologique du Haut Tonkin' Mem. Soc 

 Geol. France, ser. 4, vol. i, No. 3 (1907). 



5 H. Lantenois, 'Note sur la Geologie de lTndo-Cbine' Op. cit. No. 4. 



6 'Contribution a la Carte geologique de i'lndo-Chine: Paleontologie,. 

 1908 ' Iinprimerie d'Extreme Orient, Hanoi-Haiphong. 



7 I am aware that Mr. S. H. Ball & Mr. M. K. Sbaler bave described 

 a ' Central African Glacier of Triassic .Age' Journ. Geol. Chicago, vol. xviii 

 (1910) pp. 681-701, and bave noted the very scanty evidence on which their 

 determination of age is based. 



