Vol. 6p.] GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OP THE MALAY PENINSULA. 359 



and in the Kinta district of Perak one observes striking evidence 

 of the magnitude of the faulting that accompanied the earth-move- 

 ments. This is shown diagrammatically in fig. 1 (p. 358). The 

 shaded areas represent those groups of limestone-hills, the cliffs of 

 which are known by field-evidence to be for the most part fault- 

 faces. On the east it will be noticed that three groups of hills 

 abut on the granite ; and in each group there is evidence that the 

 line of the granite-junction is a line of fracture, 1 the downthrow side 

 being occupied by the granite, into which the limestone and Gond- 

 wana rocks sank bodily before the magma solidified, except for 

 some quartzite and phyllites found at the summit of Gunoug Iiiam 

 (or Kerbau), which are the remains of the Gondwana rocks, or of 

 rocks younger still, floating on the very highest part of the range." 

 The groups of limestone-hills are portions of the Eaub Series which 

 sank on to the magma relatively less than the rocks that form the 

 floor of the Kinta river-valley, or which were raised relatively 

 higher Avhile the granite welled up. The arrangement of the 

 groups is interesting, as showing the trend of the lines of stress. 

 The main line of fracture, on the east, takes a right-angled turn at 

 the bottom of the diagram. From the corner of this angle the 

 granite-border trends to the west of north, and a marked, but 

 interrupted, line of fracture in the limestone-hills runs through 

 Tempurong and Kandoh, and through the small hills north of 

 Gopeng to Papat, parallel to the granite-border. Near Gopeng the 

 granite-border turns northwards, and the lines of the limestone- 

 cliffs north of Puah and Pipit shoAv other lines of weakness parallel 

 to the main fracture ; but in the Kroh-Marawan Group there is 

 evidence of other fractures radiating from Puah and Pipit. The 

 Lang Group, near Ipoh, is roughly parallel to the border of the 

 granite of the Kledang Range on the west side of the valley. This 

 range, as may be seen from the sketch-map (PI. XXXV), is a spur 

 coming off from the Main Range ; and it marks a small subsidiary 

 fold in the crust, connected in the north with the Main liange 

 Anticline. Subtending the angle at the bottom of the diagram 

 are, as we might expect, other lines of weakness in the Sepah- 

 Meusah-Kandoh Group and in the Gajah-Tempurong cliffs. 



The Kinta district affords very clear direct evidence of the lime- 

 stone-hills being due to faulting on a large scale, and of the granitic 

 margin of the Main Range being a line of fracture. In Pahang, 

 where the limestone-hills are fewer, direct evidence is so far 

 wanting as to both points ; but it is safe to conclude that the con- 

 ditions are the same. The Kinta district also affords evidence of 

 maginatic stoping on a grand scale. 



The Benom Anticline, too, should be described strictly as an 

 anticlinorium. The Main Ptange Foothills constitute the western 

 limb of Gondwana rocks. In the centre of Ulu Pahang occurs 



1 See ' The Gopeng Beds of Kinta ' Q. J. G. S. vol. lxviii (1912) pp. 125-55. 



2 One outlier of phyllites is known near Gopeng within the granite-area. 

 There may, of course, be other such outliers. 



Q. J. G. S. No. 274. 2 b 



