"Vol. 69.] GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 367 



the trans- Indus section of the Range. 1 If ultimately it should be 

 proved that the limestones of the Southern Shan States are the 

 same as those of the Raub Series, then it would follow that those 

 also are older than the Productus Beds of the Salt Range, with the 

 same reservation regarding the trans-Indus section. 



The other point is the continuation of the rocks of the Peninsula 

 beyond Singapore. I have already quoted Prof. Suess 2 as follows : — 



' Still further south this long granite range [the Main Range] breaks up 

 into isolated ridges, and, associated with ancient sediments, readies the sea near 

 ■Singapore. A series of cliffs and smaller islands reveals its continuity with the 

 tin-producing islands of Eanka and Billiton.' 



Unless we interpret ' near Singapore ' as meaning Negri Sembilan 

 and Malacca, which to my mind is impossible, we cannot accept 

 this statement as giving the facts of the case. The Main Range 

 tails off in Negri Sembilan ; Mount Ophir maybe the end of the 

 Benom granite-intrusion ; and there is very good reason for sup- 

 posing that the Main Gondwana Outcrop is continued into the 

 island of Singapore. A glance at an atlas will show that we may 

 expect the rocks of this Gondwana outcrop to be represented in 

 Banka and Billiton. More I cannot say, as I have not visited 

 these islands, but Dr. Verbeek's description does not show anything 

 that makes the continuation improbable, except perhaps one item 

 regarding the relations of radiolarian chert and sandstones. 3 The 

 fact of the granite in these islands being stanniferous is no diffi- 

 culty. This characteristic does not imply that the granite must 

 be a continuation of the Main Range of the Peninsula ; but only 

 that it is probably of the same age as that granite and the granite 

 ■of other ranges in the Peninsula, including ranges east of the Main 

 Gondwana Outcrop. 



Prof. Suess shows in a map l trend-lines continuing from Billiton 

 to Karirnoen Djawa, off Java. Dr. Verbeek, in his map of Banka 

 and Billiton, 5 shows the lines of strike running through Banka in a 

 south-easterly direction, then across nearly due east to Billiton. 

 In Billiton they run almost due east at first, then fall away to the 

 east-south-east, with which strike" they leave the island. In Nangka 

 and another island the strata show a strike almost due south- 

 east, but these trend-lines are shown as turning up again to the 

 east. This is interesting, as indicating that, while the rocks of 

 Karimoen Djawa may mark a reappearance of the Banka and 

 Billiton rocks, some of the Billiton rocks, which may be a con- 

 tinuation of the Main Gondwana Outcrop of the Peninsula, bend 

 round as though to enter Western Borneo: the curve being an inside 

 arc roughly parallel to the outer volcanic arc that runs down the 



1 ' Manual of the Geology of India,' p. 120. 



2 ' The Face of the Earth ' Engl, t.ransl. vol. iii (1908) p. 233. 



3 E. D. M. Verbeek, ' Geologische Beschi-ij ring van Bangka & Billiton ' Jaarb. 

 Mijnw. Nederl. O.-I. vol. xxvi (1897) Wetensch. Gecleelte, pp. 92-93. 



4 'The Face of the Earth ' Engl, transl. vol. iii (1908) pi. ii, p. 235. 

 6 ' Geol. Beschr. v. Bangka & Billiton ' Map No. 1. 



