Vol. 69. J GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 369' 



The glacial deposits show that this portion of the Gondwanaland 

 coast contained stanniferous granite and also much corundum. This- 

 granite is termed the Palaeozoic Granite, as distinguished 

 from the Mesozoic Granite. It is not known in situ. The glacial 

 deposits are, therefore, part of a Palaeozoic tin-field, now being 

 worked at the same time as the tin-deposits derived from the- 

 Mesozoic Granite. 



Denudation has brought to light the two great anticlinal folds 

 and the granite-masses upon which they now rest. On the west is 

 the Main Eange Anticline, on the east the Benom Anticline. The 

 eastern limb of the former and the western limb of the latter 

 meet in the Main Kange Foothills. The eastern limb of the Benom 

 Anticline is formed by the Main Gondwana Outcrop, which includes 

 the highest peak in the Peninsula — Gunong Tahan, 7188 feet 

 above sea-level. It is believed that this Main Gondwana Outcrop 

 is continued through the Peninsula to Singapore, and thence on 

 to Banka and Billiton, where it may turn so as to enter Western 

 Borneo, forming an inner arc roughly parallel to the outer volcanic 

 arc of the Malay Archipelago and the Philippines. 



The igneous rocks of the Benom Anticline are less acid than 

 those of the Main Range Anticline, and there is a corresponding 

 difference in mineral products. The area of the Benom Anticline 

 coincides with the ' gold-belt ' of the Peninsula. The c*hief pro- 

 ducts of the Main Eange Anticline are tin and wolfram. 



Tertiary Coal Measures, unconformable on the Gondwana rocks,. 

 are known in Selangor. Their exact age cannot be determined,, 

 since the flora resembles the existing jungle-flora, and the same 

 may be said of floras in Borneo Coal Measures that are believed to- 

 date back to the Eocene. A classification based on the percentage 

 of moisture in the coal, however, points to the possibility of their 

 being Miocene. 



Evidence has been found in the Peninsula supplementing the 

 biological evidence adduced by Dr. A. R. Wallace of changes in 

 the Archipelago in Tertiary times. When the land-connexion 

 that allowed the migration of the fauna of the Archipelago from 

 the north was destroyed by submergence, the subsidence continued 

 until the Peninsula became an island or group of islands. Sub- 

 sidence then gave place to elevation, which restored the Peninsula 

 and is continuing to-day. 



Interesting recent deposits are deposits of lignite, in ' cups '' 

 formed by solution in the limestone of the Raub Series, as also 

 torrential deposits formed of ' core-boulders ' derived from weathered 

 granite. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXV. 



Sketch-map of the Malay Peninsula, showing diagrammatically the 

 chief structural features, on the scale of 48 miles to the inch or 

 1 : 3,041,280. 



