592 MR. P. G. H. BOSWELL ON THE [Dec. 1913, 



hills near Bramford Park. 1 The hill above mentioned, north-east of 

 Sproughton Church, is almost converted into an island lying in 

 the valley by the road and railway-line which cut across its neck. 

 Indeed, if tor any reason the river - system were revived, the 

 Gipping would certainly take the shorter course across the neck, 

 and leave its old winding channel as an oxbow lake. (This seems 

 to have happened with the Stour near Sudbury : see p. 596 & 

 PI. LV, fig. 3.) A pit on the south-east side of the spur shows 

 Boulder Clay ploughing into Thanet Beds ; but it was the map- 

 ping of the north-western border which made evident the fact 

 that x^ractically the whole hill was intensely disturbed. 2 



(g) The valley now broadens out before reaching the estuary 

 and the sea, but an important hill between the Hadleigh and London 

 roads at Ipswich partly bars the way (fig. 4, p. 602, extreme left). 

 It is not often that geologists are favoured by circumstances 

 such as the following. The Great Eastern Railway main line 

 to Norwich and Yarmouth makes an admirable cutting straight 

 through the hill, and the remarkable disturbance of the strata 

 exposed at the time was noted by Wood & Harmer, 3 and by 

 Mr. W. Whitaker, 4 in the Geological Survey Memoir. Later, the 

 cutting was widened on the north-east side, affording a magni- 

 ficent section, which was accurately worked out by Mr. Slater in. 

 1900 5 ; once again, in 1911, the cutting was widened on the 

 south-west side, and so provided another excellent section. In the 

 latter part of 1912 the north-eastern embankment was again cut 

 back. These recent sections will shortly be figured and described 

 by Mr. Slater. Further, in 1905, the municipal authorities of 

 Ipswich, wishing to provide work for the unemployed, decided to cut 

 away and level this hill to a considerable extent, with the view of 

 providing suitable building-sites. The work continued until 1910, 

 almost 200 men at times being employed. Full advantage was 

 taken of these excavations, which were carried out generally in a 

 north-east and south-west direction. The sections were carefully 

 drawn and photographed before they passed out of existence, and 

 their value lies largely in the fact that, with the railway-cutting, 

 they give a faithful picture of the disturbance along the line in 

 which the ice moved and transversely to it. 6 The cutting of trenches 

 for sewers, etc. over this estate has recently revealed still more 

 evidence of disturbance. 



(7«) Another hill occurs immediately south-east of Ipswich 

 Railway- Station. Some considerable disturbance is seen in 

 cuttings here, and the strata met with during the making of the 



1 Boswell, 1912 (33) pi. xxxiv. 



2 Ibid. pi. xxxiv. 



3 Wood & Harmer, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1868 (3) Trans. Sect. p. 80. See 

 quotation on p. 584 of this paper. 



4 Mem. Geol. Surv. 1885 (10) pp. 10, 93, etc. 



5 Slater, 1907 (22) pi. v, fig. 1. 



6 Ibid. pi. v, figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, & 6. 



