38 MR. E. A. NEWELL AKBER ON [Feb. I9O9, 



the Upper Coal-Measures, is represented, which is not found to occur 

 in France. In the British basins of the Artois-Mendip system, the 

 Middle Coal-Measure zone is the sole representative of the true 

 Westphalian, while the Transition Measures and the Upper Coal- 

 Measures, although they may for convenience be retained as horizons 

 within the "Westphalian zone, appear to me to be an early and a late 

 stage in the perfect transition between the floras of the Westphalian 

 and the Stephanian. In the earlier (the Transition Measures) the 

 number of Westphalian types is considerable, while the Stephanian 

 are usually fewer; whereas in the Upper Coal-Measures, as 

 Prof. Zeiller l pointed out many years ago, the Westphalian species 

 are still abundant, although the Stephanian elements play a more 

 important part in the flora. It will be interesting to see how far 

 the theory of successive horizons met with in the Artois-Mendip 

 system of coalfields (as yet provisional, in view of our scanty 

 knowledge of the flora of many of the Southern British coalfields) 

 may be confirmed by future observations. At present it would 

 appear that we may be able to distinguish eventually a new 

 Continental zone between the Westphalian and the Stephanian, 

 forming a true transition between the two, and which will include, 

 as upper and lower local horizons, our British Upper Coal- 

 Measures and the Upper Transition Measures. But, before such 

 an attempt can be made, it must be shown that such a Transition 

 Series is found over wide areas in the Northern Hemisphere. 



IY. Bibliography. 



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no. 2, 1903. 

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Lille, 1876. 

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Part 10, Minutes of Evidence, p. 26. London, 1905. 

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Arts, vol. lv, p. 450, 1907. 

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1856. See also ibid. vol. xi, p. 533, 1855. 

 Godwin-Austen, R. (71). (Evidence in) Report of the Commissioners .... 



relating to Coal in the United Kingdom, vol. ii, p. 424, 1871. 

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Edinburgh, vol. xxxiii, pt. ii, p. 335, 1887. 

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Edinburgh, vol. xxxvii, pt. iii, p. 565, 1894. 

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Coal-Measures, &c.' Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. lxi, p. 308, 1905. 

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1 Zeiller, in Kidston (87) pp. 408-409. 



