382 . ME. J. B. SCRIVENOR ON THE [Aug. 1909, 



20. The Lahat 'Pipe': A Description of a Tin-ore Deposit in 

 Perak (Federated Malay States). By John Brooke Scrivenor, 

 M.A., F.G.S., Geologist to the Federated Malay States Govern- 

 ment, and formerly of H.M. Geological Survey of the United 

 Kingdom. (Read April 7th, 1909.) 



The Kinta District of Perak, chief of the four Federated Malay 

 States (Perak, Selangor, Negri Sembilan, and Pahang), has, for 

 many years, been famous as a producer of tin-ore. By far the 

 greater proportion of the ore has been derived from detrital deposits ; 

 but exceptions to the rule have been afforded by certain mines 

 where the tin-ore (cassiterite) has been won from the crystalline 

 limestone that forms, in part at any rate, the floor of the Kinta 

 Valley. The deposits worked were briefly mentioned in my ' Beport 

 of Progress ' 1 in 1907. Since then more information has been 

 gathered, and it is my purpose in this paper to describe the most 

 remarkable of all the deposits that have been yet found in the 

 Kinta Limestone. This is known in Perak as the Lahat ' Pipe.' 



The only description of the limestone tin-ore deposits of Kinta 

 known to me is by Mr. B. A. F. Penrose, Jun. 2 He remarks that the 

 tin-ore is associated with large quantities of iron-pyrites, arsenical 

 pyrites, smaller quantities of chalcopyrite and bornite, and some 

 rhodochroisite (op. cit. p. 147). 



Outside the Federated Malay States the stanniferous deposits in 

 limestone have been cited as examples of cassiterite occurring 

 without tourmaline. I have in my mind particularly the discussion 

 on Mr. D. A. MacAlister's paper ' Tin & Tourmaline ' read before 

 the Geological Society in 1903. 3 



Outside the Federated Malay States, again, only one case is 

 known of tin-ore in limestone being worked commercially. This 

 is near the Campiglia Marittima in Tuscany, a mineral district 

 that has lately been described at length by Prof. L. de Launay. 4 

 Mr. Sydney Fawns mentions small veins traversing impure lime- 

 stone in Maine (U.S.A.) and containing cassiterite, fluorite, mica, 

 quartz, and mispickel. 5 



The question of the age of the Kinta Valley Limestone need not 

 be discussed at length here. It is invariably, so far as I am aware, 



1 ' Report of Progress ' Sept. 1903-January 1907, Kuala Lumpur. 



2 ' Tin-Deposits of the Malay Peninsula, with special reference to those of 

 the Kinta District ' Journ. Geol. Chicago, vol. xi (1903) pp. 135-54. 



3 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. lix, pp. 53 & 54. 



4 'La Metallogenie de l'ltalie & des Regions avoisinantes : (ii) Notes sur la 

 Toscane Miniere & l'lle d'Elbe ' Compte-Eendu du X6me Congres Geologique 

 International, 1906, pp. 555-646. 



s ' Tin-Deposits of the World ' London, 1905, p. 158. 



