396 . ME. T. CODRINGTON ON THE [Aug. I9O9, 



quartzite, are found scattered on the surface, and sometimes 

 forming with, rolled stones and pebbles a scanty gravel. Stones 

 artificially worked are found between the river and the high 

 ground about Dales Kopje, and onwards to the Falls. They are 

 perfectly sharp in the chipping, often retain portions of the rough 

 outer crust of the quartzite, and possess little or no polish. On the 

 high ground of Dales Kopje, rising 100 feet above the valley, no 

 worked stones came under my notice, nor were any seen on the 

 bank rising to about the same height opposite Candahar Island, 

 although at both places the basalt is strewn with pieces of the 

 quartzite. 



Below the Palls worked pieces of the quartzite are abundant 

 on the narrow tongue of land lying south of the sharp angle in 

 the gorge in front of the Hotel, and extending eastwards for more 

 than three-quarters of a mile to the next angle of the gorge, half a 

 mile south of the Eastern Cataract. A sharp descent of about 

 80 feet beginning not far from the railway, and marking the edge 

 of the red sand, is succeeded by a flatter slope strewn with grey 

 sand, with small kopjes of basalt rising out of it. In a quarter of 

 a mile the promontory narrows to 200 yards, and farther on it is 

 not more than 60 yards wide. It is rough and much cut up by 

 ravines ; but, as seen from the other side of the gorge on the north, 

 the general surface appears to be at the level of the old floor of the 

 valley, rather higher than the crest of the Palls. 



Pieces of quartzite, many of them artificially worked, are to be 

 met with where the basalt rises above the grey sandy soil. The 

 great majority are sharp and unpolished, some of the outer rough 

 coat of the quartzite remaining on most of them. Pebbles occur 

 with the rough angular quartzite, and the grey sand is like that in 

 the banks of the Zambesi, and on islands above the Palls, and now 

 being brought down through the rapids above Candahar Island. 

 There appears to be an old flood-course of the Zambesi across the 

 promontory, with traces of gravel. I was able, by permission of 

 Mr. Bromwich, of the British South Africa Company's Museum, to 

 lay on the table, at the meeting of the Geological Society at which 

 this paper was read, a sample of this gravel preserved by him. 

 The sand is, with some admixture, the white quartz-sand which 

 has been already noticed, and pebbles and waterworn stones from 

 distant sources are mingled with pieces of the local quartzite. 



A similar flood-channel may be seen across the spur between 

 the gorge and the railway east of the Hotel, and in the Bain 

 Porest ; moreover ' fluviatile debris ' is said to have been met with 

 in the railway-cutting near by. 1 



On the left bank a tributary valley joins the main valley of 

 the Zambesi, the sides of the former merging into the latter at 

 Livingstone, 5| miles above the Palls, and at about 2 miles below 

 them. The tributary valley is thus 6 or 7 miles wide at its 



1 A. J. O. Molyneux, ' Physical History of the Victoria Falls ' Geogr. Journ. 

 vol. xxv (1905) p. 52. 



