428 ME. A. J. C. M0LYNEUX ON THE [Aug. I909, 



^ Cdal-seams rop out over wide belts — generally where rivers, 

 after leaving the regions of Archaean rocks, have cut courses for 

 themselves along the tilted edges of the coal-measures, and in their 

 meanderings expose first the lower and then the upper beds. 



South of the Kafue, coal-beds crop out in the Lufua and Losito 

 and their affluent streams at a great number of places. The series 

 is there from 300 feet thick, dipping 5° to 12° south-eastwards. 



Fossils. — The Lufua areas yield Glossopteris indica, and a shell 

 of Palceomutela. In the Luano, Glossopteris aud pith-casts of 

 Schizoneura were obtained from a shaly bed near Chisalisali, and 

 Schizoneura and Gangamopteris from Impala Eidge. 



The Upper Matobola Beds. 



This series has a minimum thickness of 2000 feet, and forms 

 most of the area of Karroo deposits in the regions under notice. 

 This is due mostly to the quicker dip of the coal-measures and 

 lower beds along tbe margins of the basins, while the strata now 

 to be described lie at low angles or horizontally in the central 

 areas. 



Describing them as seen in the Chisalisali outcrop, I would ob- 

 serve that there is no sharp change from the coal-measures below, 

 but rather a gradual replacement of the coal-seams by beds of 

 fine clayey sandstones, which in the upper parts assume a thickness 

 of 30 feet. They are seldom laminated, but weather in potholes 

 and along joints which, merging one into the other, give rise to 

 grotesque forms. Current-bedding is frequent, and the particles 

 are rather angular. Masses of this sandstone appear in the Zam- 

 besi, at the Lubu junction, potholing by currents in high floods. 



They are divided by beds of the blue-grey unstratified clays, 

 and among them are a few thin impure coals, with Glossopteris, 

 sandy ironstones yielding Esiheria, and limestones, both with cone- 

 in-cone structure. There are also nodular ironstones (black band). 

 Some more siliceous sandstones fissure transversely, and so break 

 away in lozenge-shaped blocks. In the weathering of all these 

 beds the unstratified clay goes first, and a section down the river- 

 bed is much like the teeth of a saw. 



The upper part of this series consists of more calcareous beds — 

 layers of septaria among soft grey clay — the nodules weathering out 

 into a very lumpy surface. Some measure 5 feet in length, and 

 fracture irregularly, often semi-conchoidally, showing a steel-blue 

 colour due to manganese. The nuclei contain no organic remains ; 

 but fluorspar and calcite (or arragonite) fill the crevices. 



Some layers of fine sandstone, vertical-jointed, thin out laterally 

 and may pass through the stage of a ' lime-nodule,' although they 

 themselves are not calcareous, having perhaps been stripped of 

 the lime by the growth of the nodule. 



Up the Muchinda Valley are sheets of fibrous limestone with 

 cone-in-cone structure, overlain by fine pulverulent sandstones, and 

 resting upon clays. The limestone is interbedded with pale-green 



