Vol. 6 5. J THE CARBONIFEROUS LIMESTONE OE COUNTY CLARE. 585 



district was not followed by typical Vise'an. Since the district under 

 consideration showed such an agreement with the Bristol sequence, 

 it would seem preferable to use Dr. Vaughan's names — Clevedonian 

 and Kidwellian. The Author was to be congratulated upon the 

 clearness with which the paper was set forth. 



Mr. W. P. D. Stebbing drew attention to the, to him, peculiar 

 physical features shown by some of the views of the bare fissured 

 limestone of the northern part of the area dealt with, and said that 

 it reminded him of the eaten-out surface of the top of one of the 

 spurs of the Carrara range above Massa-Carrara. The mountain- 

 top, from which a black-veined marble was quarried, to which he 

 referred, was similarly cut up ; but a certain amount of coarse 

 vegetation grew on the surface, and the quarrying showed that red 

 earth partly filled the fissures. 



Mr. R. H. Tiddeman begged to remind the previous speaker 

 that bare and arid tracts of Carboniferous Limestone were by no 

 means so rare as he had seemed to imply. They were quite 

 common in the North-West of England on and about the Pennine 

 chain, as, for instance, around Ingleborough. The Author's descrip- 

 tion of the limestone reminded him generally of the succession in 

 the Clitheroe district near Pendle. 



Prof. Garwood referred to the name Syringoihyris-cuspidata Zone, 

 and asked the Author whether this species occurred also in beds of 

 D„ age in his area, as was the case in Derbyshire. Martin's type- 

 specimen (he understood) came from beds of D 9 age at Castleton, not 

 from C 2 . He was interested to hear that the well-marked break 

 which occurred above C 2 in the Northern Pennines was also found in 

 the Author's district ; he thought that a widespread period of sub- 

 mergence would be found everywhere at the beginning of S 2 . He 

 considered that the coincidence between the lithological character 

 and the faunal zones to which previous speakers had alluded was 

 only what might be expected : for instance, Zaphrentis enniskilleni, 

 which was limited to the shaly beds at the top of C Q in Westmorland, 

 survived into higher beds in the Isle of Man, where the argillaceous 

 type of deposit continued longer, and was again characteristic of D 2 

 under similar conditions elsewhere. He congratulated the Society 

 on receiving another important contribution on this interesting 

 subject. 



The Author regretted that lack of time prevented him from 

 answering many of the questions in detail. In reply to Prof. 

 Garwood, he said that very large specimens of Syringothyris 

 cuspidata were common in the Syringothyris Zone, but the genus 

 seemed to be entirely absent from the Visean. Zaphrentids 

 closely allied to Zaphrentis enniskilleni were found as low down as 

 the Seminida Zone. 



Replying to the President, he thought that the enormous 

 abundance of large-sized individuals in the Syringothyris Zone 

 among all classes of the mollusca and of the brachiopoda, as well as 

 the great number of species represented, was not at all suggestive of 



